Abstract
Roots have high plasticity with the ability to adapt to heterogeneous nutrient distribution, but little is known about the effects of phosphorus (P) supply methods and levels on Rosa multiflora Thunb. ex Murr. root growth and nutrient accumulation. A pot study was conducted with two P supply methods (mixed and localized application) and three levels (P-deficient, P-moderate and P-adequate). The results showed that with localized application, P-deficient and P-moderate treatments significantly improved total root length, total surface area, total length of fine roots, shoot DW and total P accumulation in Rosa multiflora compared with their respective mixed application at 45 days after being transplanted (DAT) and 92 DAT; for P-adequate supply, the same trends were observed at 45 DAT, but not at 92 DAT. At 92 DAT, with localized application, when P levels increased from P-deficient to P-moderate, total P accumulation increased by 43.3%; but when P levels increased from P-moderate to P-adequate, no effect was observed. Furthermore, higher P accumulation in leaves was observed in localized P-moderate condition; decreased P uptake per root dry weight and greater root/shoot ratio were observed in localized P-adequate at 92 DAT. Total P accumulation was positively correlated with total root length and root surface area (R2: 0.68~0.94). There was a significant interaction effect among treatment days, P supply methods and levels (p ≤ 0.05) on shoot DW, root DW, root/shoot ratio and total P accumulation. These findings indicated that localized and moderate P supply appear efficient for improving R. multiflora growth and P accumulation via efficient root system development.
Highlights
Phosphorus (P) is an important essential macronutrient for plant growth [1,2]
The three-way ANOVA showed a significant interaction among treatment days, P fertilizer supply methods and levels (p ≤ 0.05) for shoot dry weight (DW), root DW, root/shoot ratio and total P accumulation, but not for total root length and root surface area (Table 1)
A significant interaction was observed among treatment days, P supply methods and levels (P ≤ 0.05) on plant growth and total P accumulation in Rosa multiflora
Summary
Phosphorus (P) is an important essential macronutrient for plant growth [1,2]. It is required as a structural component of RNA, DNA and phospholipids and is a regulator in signal transduction cascades [3]. 10%–25% of applied P fertilizer is absorbed by plants in the first growing season, and subsequent use of the residual P rarely exceeds 50% [4]. World P reserves extracted from mines are expected to become exhausted with the next. 50–200 years, with a decline in the reserve quality and an increase in the cost of production [5]. Improved P management has become an important issue in sustainable agriculture and forestry [6,7,8,9]
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