Abstract
Phonocardiogram (PCG) signal represents recording of sounds and murmurs resulting from heart auscultation. Analysis of these PCG signals is critical in diagnosis of different heart diseases. Over the years, a variety of methods have been proposed for automatic analysis of PCG signals in time, frequency, and time-frequency domains. This paper presents a comprehensive survey of different methods proposed for automatic analysis of PCG signals with the objective to evaluate the current state-of-the-art and to determine the potential domains of effective analysis. An important aspect of our contribution is that the review is carried out as a function of domains of analysis rather than simply discussing different methods. Our method further splits analysis into pre-processing, localization, and classification, and details are presented in terms of techniques and classifiers used during these phases. Finally, results are summarized for normal heart beat, noisy heart beat, and different pathologies using metrices like accuracy and detection rate. In addition to time and frequency domain, time-frequency based methods including wavelet, empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and time-frequency representation (TFR) are selected for detailed analysis. The review concludes that the time-frequency representations like EMD and wavelets represent areas of exploration in future along with perspective of using different time-frequency techniques together.
Highlights
Human heart is the most important organ in the body that provides blood to all parts of the body using a pumplike action
A comparison from Table 3 shows that the results reported for time-frequency representation (TFR) methods exhibit high variation, mainly as a function of the database employed for evaluation
5 Conclusions This paper presented an overview of the techniques proposed for computerized analysis of PCG signals which represent recordings of heart sound
Summary
Human heart is the most important organ in the body that provides blood to all parts of the body using a pumplike action. Electrical and mechanical activities are carried out resulting in the flow of blood. Healthy heart is very important for the normal day to day working of human body as blood carries important nutrients to the organs. Heart-related diseases, known as cardiovascular diseases (CVD), are responsible for a major proportion of deaths all around the world. According to surveys conducted by the World Health Organization (WHO), 33% of all deaths are the result of CVDs [1]. Different modalities are known to exist to monitor the health of heart. The most popular of these is the electrocardiogram or ECG.
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