Abstract
Periodontitis is an inflammatory autoimmune disease. Treatment should alleviate inflammation, regulate the immune reaction and promote periodontal tissue regeneration. Icariin is the main active ingredient of Epimedii Folium, and it is a promising compound for the enhancement of mesenchymal stem cell function, promotion of bone formation, inhibition of bone resorption, alleviation of inflammation and regulation of immunity. The study investigated the effect of icariin on periodontal tissue regeneration in a minipig model of periodontitis. The minipig model of periodontitis was established. Icariin was injected locally. The periodontal clinical assessment index, a computed tomography (CT) scan, histopathology and enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA) were used to evaluate the effects of icariin. Quantitative analysis results 12 weeks post-injection demonstrated that probing depth, gingival recession, attachment loss and alveolar bone regeneration values were (3.72 ± 1.18) mm vs. (6.56 ± 1.47) mm, (1.67 ± 0.59) mm vs. (2.38 ± 0.61) mm, (5.56 ± 1.29) mm vs. (8.61 ± 1.72) mm, and (25.65 ± 5.13) mm3 vs. (9.48 ± 1.78) mm3 in the icariin group and 0.9% NaCl group, respectively. The clinical assessment, CT scan, and histopathology results demonstrated significant enhancement of periodontal tissue regeneration in the icariin group compared to the 0.9% NaCl group. The ELISA results suggested that the concentration of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) in the icariin group was downregulated compared to the 0.9% NaCl group, which indicates that local injection of icariin relieved local inflammation in a minipig model of periodontitis. Local injection of icariin promoted periodontal tissue regeneration and exerted anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory function. These results support the application of icariin for the clinical treatment of periodontitis.
Highlights
Periodontitis is a common chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease that is characterised by the loss of periodontal support tissues, which is an important cause of tooth loss in adults.Periodontopathic bacteria initiate periodontitis, but the overactive response of the host immune system against bacterial invasion likely plays an essential role in the direct or indirect modulation of osteoblast and osteoclast formation, which leads to the breakdown of connective tissue attachment and alveolar bone.[1,2] There is an urgent need to develop a treatment method to alleviate inflammation, regulate the immune reaction, and balance the osteogenesis and osteoclasis to result in the enhanced regeneration of periodontal tissues
Attachment loss (AL) values were (5.56 ± 1.29) mm in the icariin group and (8.61 ± 1.72) mm in the 0.9% NaCl group (Fig. 2c). These results indicated that local injection of icariin significantly promoted the recovery of periodontal tissues compared to the 0.9% NaCl group in a minipig model of periodontitis
Drug-stimulated periodontal tissue regeneration requires the recruitment and activation of local endogenous Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC), such as PDLSCs, which differentiate into cementoblasts, periodontal ligament cells, and osteoblasts.[4]
Summary
Periodontitis is a common chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease that is characterised by the loss of periodontal support tissues, which is an important cause of tooth loss in adults.Periodontopathic bacteria initiate periodontitis, but the overactive response of the host immune system against bacterial invasion likely plays an essential role in the direct or indirect modulation of osteoblast and osteoclast formation, which leads to the breakdown of connective tissue attachment and alveolar bone.[1,2] There is an urgent need to develop a treatment method to alleviate inflammation, regulate the immune reaction, and balance the osteogenesis and osteoclasis to result in the enhanced regeneration of periodontal tissues. Local icariin injection promoted periodontal tissue regeneration and exerted antiinflammatory and immunomodulatory functions. 1234567890();,: RESULTS Local injection of icariin improved tissue and bone regeneration in periodontal defects in a minipig model of periodontitis We surgically created periodontal defects (Fig. 1a) and applied a silk suture to the ligament around the cervical region of the first molars.
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