Abstract
The loading parameters are obtained by averaging the local stress and local strain distribution over a dimensional characteristic length that depends on the microstructure of the material and the used equivalent strength hypothesis. The stress and strain fields near cracks and sharp notches are highly inhomogeneous and multi-axial in nature. Therefore, the description of strength phenomena of the structures containing sharp notches or cracks requires loading parameters, which adequately describe the local loading situation for the material at hand. In this chapter, the loading parameters are derived from averaging the local stress and strain distribution at the notch root or crack tip over some microstructure related size scale.
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