LIVE BIOTHERAPEUTIC PRODUCT AND CANCER IMMUNOTHERAPY

Abstract

Probiotics are defined as ‘’live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host’’ [1]. Compared to conventional probiotics, novel beneficial effects on human health by a wide range of microbial probiotics have been reported, and such probiotics are called as next-generation probiotics (NGP), which are defined as ‘’new beneficial probiotics different from classical probiotics of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium’’ [2]. NGPs include various bacterial species such as Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Akkermansia muciniphila, Bacteroides fragilis/Bacteroides uniformis, Eubacterium hallii and cocktails of Clostridium clusters IV and XIVa [2]. According to the pharmaceutical application, NGPs with novel therapeutic functions are termed live biotherapeutic product (LBP) [3]. LBP is defined as ‘’a biological product that contains live organisms such as bacteria, and that is applicable to the prevention, treatment, or cure of a disease or condition of human beings’’. O’Toole et al. [3] listed several candidates of LBPs, and the biological functions targeted various diseases of the 11 strains of 8 bacterial species of Bacteroides xylanisolvens, Bacteroides ovatus, Bacteroides dorei, B. fragilis, Bacteroides acidifaciens, Clostridium butyricum, F. prausnitzii and Lactococcus lactis were shown. In the list, C. buryricum MIYAIRI588 strain was indicated to be effective for various diseases, including cancer, inflammation, and infectious diseases.