Literature Review: The Relationship Between Tea Dringking Habits and The Incident of Anemia in Pregnant Women

Introduction: Anemia in pregnancy occurs due to a lack of nutritional intake to meet the needs of the mother and fetus. According to Riskesdas, the prevalence of anemia in Indonesia is 48.9%. Anemia in pregnancy can occur due to various factors. The most common anemia in pregnancy is iron deficiency anemia which is caused by a lack of nutritional intake and foods that contain iron.Methods: This research uses a quantitative approach with descriptive observational, the sample was pregnant women in the third trimester, who had Hb levels <11 gr/dl and underwent ANC at Purwoharjo Primary Health Center. This research was conducted in August-October 2023 with a total of 62 respondents, analysis used univariate analysis.Results: The prevalence of anemia in third-trimester pregnant women at the Purwoharjo Primary Health Center is 43%. Various factors influence the incidence of anemia in pregnant women in the third trimester at Purwoharjo Primary Health Center.Conclusion: The prevalence of third-trimester pregnancy anemia at the Purwoharjo Primary Health Center is 43%, and the most influencing factors are nutritional status (61.3%) and non-compliance with iron supplement consumption (53.2%). Health officials have also made various efforts to reduce the incidence of anemia

Anemia in pregnancy is a decrease in hemoglobin levels that occurs during pregnancy due to iron deficiency or folate deficiency. The prevalence of anemia in Indonesia in pregnant women according to the SKRT is still quite high, namely 40.1%. Factors that can cause anemia in pregnancy include age, gestational distance, parity, education level, economic status, knowledge, attitude, food intake, ANC visits and adherence to Fe tablet consumption. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between age, gestational age, ANC visits simultaneously with the incidence of anemia in pregnant women at Puskesmas 4 Ulu, Seberang Ulu 1 District, Palembang City in 2021. The research design used in this study was an analytic survey with a cross sectional design. . The population in this study was the sample in this study as many as 70 pregnant women who did a pregnancy check at the 4 Ulu Health Center, Seberang Ulu 1 District, Palembang City until December 2021. Based on the results of research using the chi-square statistical test, it was found that there was a significant relationship between age and the incidence of anemia in pregnant women obtained p. value = 0.001, there is a significant relationship between the distance of pregnancy with the incidence of anemia in pregnant women, obtained p. value = 0.001, there is a significant relationship between ANC visits and the incidence of anemia in pregnant women, obtained p. value = 0.000, it can be concluded that there is a significant relationship between age, gestational distance and ANC visits with the incidence of anemia in pregnant women.

Introduction: The largest public health issue in the globe, particularly for women who are close to childbearing age, is anemia. Anemia during pregnancy is said to be “dangerous to mother and child”. In 2015, Indonesia's maternal mortality rate (MMR) was 305 per 100,000 KH. Pregnancy who experienced anemia in the world are still very high. The prevalence of anemia in pregnancy is 41.8%. In Indonesia, the increasing in the incidence of anemia in pregnancy from 37.1% in 2013 to 48.9% in 2018. One of the causes of anemia in pregnant women is the knowledge and parity. This study aimed to analyze the knowledge and parity of the incidence of anemia in pregnant women. Methods: The research design is cross-sectional with the independent variables which are knowledge and parity. The dependent variable is the incidence of anemia in pregnant women. The population used by all pregnant women is 48. The sampling technique uses total sampling and collecting data using questionnaires and interviews. Data analysis used univariate and bivariate. Results: The results of research informed that most pregnant women had anemia, around 56.2%. The results of the statistical analyses revealed a p value of 0.007, indicating a relation between parity and the prevalence of anemia. Besides that, there was a relation between knowledge and the prevalence of anemia. Conclusion: There is an influence between knowledge and parity on the incidence of anemia in pregnant women. Countermeasures that can be done by providing information communication and education on pre-wedding preparation.

The prevalence of anemia in pregnant women is 41.8 % . The causes of anemia in pregnancy include gravida, age, parity, education level, economic status and compliance with Fe tablet consumption, diet and physical activity. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between diet and physical activity with the incidence of anemia in pregnant women at Batunadua Health Center, Padangsidimpuan City in 2021 . The type of research is quantitative research with a cross sectional approach study . The population in this study were all pregnant women at Batunadua Health Center Padangsidimpuan City as many as 229 people. The sample in this study were 70 pregnant women at Batunadua Public Health Center, Padangsidimpuan City using random sampling method . The analysis used is Chi Square and Kolmogorov-Smirnov test . The results of this study indicate that there is a relationship between diet ( p=0.000) , and physical activity ( p=0.000) with the incidence of anemia in pregnant women. The conclusion is that diet and physical activity have a relationship with the incidence of anemia in pregnant women. Suggestions for pregnant women to increase antenatal care visits and find out about the incidence of anemia in pregnancy.

Background: Anemia in pregnancy is a decrease in hemoglobin levels occurring during pregnancy due to iron or folate deficiency. The prevalence of anemia in pregnant women in Indonesia is 37.1%. Fe toggle tablet in Indonesia in 2012 amounted to 85%. This percentage compared to the year 2011 which amounted to 83.3%. The results of preliminary study conducted in Pranan Village Midwife found as many as 47 pregnant women. At the time of interview with 10 pregnant women, 3 were anemic and can not be used for tablet consumption. Another contributing factor is the low economic status. Purpose of the study: To know the factors related to the incidence of anemia in Pregnant Women at Posyandu Pranan Village. The benefit of research is to develop and increase existing knowledge about the factors that cause the occurrence of anemia in pregnant women. The Subject: 31 pregnant women at Posyandu Pranan Village The Method: Used descriptive analytic method with cross sectional approach. This study to determine the factors associated with the incidence of anemia in pregnant women. Sampling in total sampling. The data obtained were analyzed by Chi Square test with p = 0.05. Result: Showed that there was correlation between pregnancy distance with the incidence of anemia (p = 0,028) and there was correlation between smoking with the incidence of anemia in pregnant mother in Pranan Village (p = 0,026 ). However, there was no correlation between economic status and the occurrence of anemia (p = 0.442) and there was no correlation between routine consumption of iron tablets and the incidence of anemia in pregnant women in Pranan Village (p = 0.863). Conclusion: There is a relationship between pregnancy distance and smoking with the incidence of anemia and there is no relationship between economic status and iron consumption routine with the incidence of anemia. Keywords: stress level, menstrual cycles

In Indonesia, the prevalence of anemia in pregnancy is still high, which is around 89.6% of the total number of pregnancies of 1.5 million pregnant women. This can be one of the causes of the high maternal mortality rate (MMR) in Indonesia. Characteristics of mothers with anemia incidence in pregnant women in the Ikua Koto health center area in the city of Padang in 2023. The type of research is analytic which was carried out at the Ikua Koto Health Center in Padang City from April 1 to 30 2023 with a total of 70 respondents. Sampling was carried out by accidental sampling technique using a questionnaire as a research instrument, the data was processed univariately and bivariately with the Chi squere test. From the results of the study, it was found that there was no significant relationship between education level and the incidence of anemia in pregnant women. (p-value 0.0.33), there is no significant relationship between maternal employment status and the incidence of anemia in pregnant women (p-value 0.183), there is no significant relationship between maternal parity and the incidence of anemia in pregnant women. (p-value 0.329), there is no significant relationship between the level of knowledge of the mother and the incidence of anemia in pregnant women (p-value 0.386). It is hoped that health workers, especially health workers, in carrying out health promotion for pregnant women will place more emphasis on the changes that occur in pregnant women, especially the promotion of anemia in pregnant women. Keywords: characteristics, anemia, pregnant women

Anemia in pregnancy can have an adverse impact on the mother, even during pregnancy, childbirth, as well as during the puerperium and beyond. One of the government programs to overcome anemia in pregnancy in Indonesia is by providing iron tablets (Fe) which are distributed through health centers and posyandu. The effectiveness of this program is difficult to achieve because it is influenced by the low knowledge of pregnant women about the benefits of consuming iron (Fe) tablets. Good knowledge will lead to a positive attitude in consuming iron (Fe) tablets. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between knowledge and adherence to consuming iron (Fe) tablets with the incidence of anemia in pregnant women in the first trimester at Bulili Public Health Center. The design of this research is analytical research. The research approach used is the Cross Sectional Study approach. This study used the Lemeshow proportion estimation technique with a total sample of 96 respondents. The test used in this study is to use the Chi - Square test. The results showed that there was a significant relationship between knowledge and the incidence of anemia in pregnant women in trimester I with p value = 0.000 (p <0.05) and there was no significant relationship between adherence to taking iron tablets (Fe) and the incidence of anemia in trimester pregnant women. I at Puskesmas Bulili with p value = 0.826 (p≥0.05). This study suggests that the midwives at the health center are expected to provide information or health counseling that is more directed at preventing anemia during pregnancy to pregnant women regarding the procedure for consuming iron (Fe) tablets to visitors to the Bulili Health Center, especially KIA (Maternal and Child Health).

Anemia in pregnancy can have an adverse impact on the mother, even during pregnancy, childbirth, as well as during the puerperium and beyond. One of the government programs to overcome anemia in pregnancy in Indonesia is by providing iron tablets (Fe) which are distributed through health centers and posyandu. The effectiveness of this program is difficult to achieve because it is influenced by the low knowledge of pregnant women about the benefits of consuming iron (Fe) tablets. Good knowledge will lead to a positive attitude in consuming iron (Fe) tablets. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between knowledge and adherence to consuming iron (Fe) tablets with the incidence of anemia in pregnant women in the first trimester at Bulili Public Health Center. The design of this research is analytical research. The research approach used is the Cross Sectional Study approach. This study used the Lemeshow proportion estimation technique with a total sample of 96 respondents. The test used in this study is to use the Chi - Square test. The results showed that there was a significant relationship between knowledge and the incidence of anemia in pregnant women in trimester I with p value = 0.000 (p &lt;0.05) and there was no significant relationship between adherence to taking iron tablets (Fe) and the incidence of anemia in trimester pregnant women. I at Puskesmas Bulili with p value = 0.826 (p≥0.05). This study suggests that the midwives at the health center are expected to provide information or health counseling that is more directed at preventing anemia during pregnancy to pregnant women regarding the procedure for consuming iron (Fe) tablets to visitors to the Bulili Health Center, especially KIA (Maternal and Child Health).

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;The type of anemia that often occurs in pregnancy is caused by a deficiency of iron (Fe) which can be called iron nutritional anemia. The incidence of anemia in pregnant women at PMB Diya Amanatur Rohmah is still relatively high, namely around 60%. Compliance is obedience to fulfill the recommendations of health workers without coercion. The low compliance with iron supplementation is supported by the percentage of compliance carried out by previous researchers. Of the 43 respondents who complied with consuming Fe tablets, there were 69.8% of respondents.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;This study aims to determine the relationship between adherence to consuming Fe tablets and the incidence of anemia in third trimester pregnant women. This research uses quantitative research methods.&lt;strong&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Method: &lt;/strong&gt;This cross-sectional study involved pregnant women receiving care at BPM Diya Amanatur Rohmah, Kesamben, Jombang. A total of 34 respondents were selected through purposive sampling between January 8 and 30, 2023. Data collection was conducted using a compliance questionnaire, and analysis was performed using the chi-square test.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The results of the study used the chi-square test and obtained p-value = 0.000. Because the p-value &amp;lt; α (0.05), there is a relationship between adherence to consuming Fe tablets and the incidence of anemia in third trimester pregnant women&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;Health workers can provide education about anemia by giving a health education about the benefits of Fe tablets and the importance of being obedient to consuming Fe&lt;/p&gt;

According to the WHO in 2014, as many as 40% of maternal deaths in developing countries are related to anemia in pregnancy. The prevalence of anemia in Indonesia is 50.9% among pregnant women. In Riau Province, the incidence of anemia among pregnant women is still relatively high at 37.1%. In Kampar Regency, the rate of anemia among pregnant women in 2016 was 16.03%, while in 2017 it rose to 32.59%. This study aims to analyze multivariate factors that cause the incidence of anemia in pregnant women at Rumbio Public Health Center, Kampar Regency. This type of research is quantitative analytic with a cross-sectional design. This study was conducted in March 2023 with a population of 385 pregnant women and a sample size of 78 people. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling. Bivariate and multivariate data analysis using chi-square statistical tests and logistic regression multivariate analysis. The results of bivariate analysis indicate that nutritional status, parity, and socio-economic variables are not significantly associated with anemia (p value&gt; α 0.05), while the variables adherence to taking Fe tablets and age are significantly associated with anemia (p value &lt; α 0.05). The results of multivariate analysis showed that the variable of adherence to taking Fe tablets was significant to anemia because the p value &lt; 0.05, while the independent variable of age was not significant to anemia because the p value &gt; 0.05. The OR value of adherence to taking Fe tablets is 67, meaning that people who are not adherent are more at risk of developing anemia. In conclusion, the variable of adherence to taking tablets is the variable most associated with the incidence of anemia in pregnant women. It is expected of pregnant women to be obedient and on time in taking Fe tablets to avoid the incidence of anemia in pregnancy.

Anemia in pregnancy is anemia due to iron deficiency. The incidence of anemia in pregnant women ranges from 20% to 89%. As many as 40% of maternal deaths in developing countries are related to anemia in pregnancy and most often occur in developing countries, including Indonesia. In Indonesia, efforts made to overcome the problem of anemia in pregnant women are the administration of iron (Fe) tablets. This study aims to explain and analyse the relationship of adherence to Fe tablet consumption with anemia in pregnant women. This study uses a meta-analysis study. Researchers carried out research data collection by browsing online journals, using the Scopus and Google Scholar databases. In the meta-analysis process using the RevMan (Review Manager) 5.3 application, the results obtained Effect size (In Odds Ratio) of 2.44 (95% CI 1.30-4.60), which means that pregnant women who do not adhere to consuming Fe tablets have a risk 2.44 times affected by anemia compared to obedient pregnant women. There is a significant relationship between consuming Fe tablets and the incidence of anemia in pregnant women. Keywords: adherence, Fe tablets, anemia.

Background: Anemia of pregnancy is called potential danger to mother and child so that anaemia requires serious attention from all concerned parties in terms of health services (Manuaba, 2010). Impact of anaemia in pregnant women is increasing morbidity rate including bleeding, premature rupture of membrane, risk of low birth weight babies (BBLR), and is one of the main causes of maternal deaths that originate in anaemia (Arisman, 2010). Based on the results of preliminary studies at Aminah Amin Clinic in July - December 2017 there are 513-trimester pregnant women III and 74 pregnant women have anaemia. Objective:This study aims to determine the relationship of nutritional status with the incidence of anaemia in trimester pregnant women III Amin Sininda Aminah Clinic in 2018. Method: the design of this study is crossectional, the population is pregnant women who visit at Aminah Aminah Clinic. Sampling technique with total sampling of 53-trimester pregnant women III. Results: The results of this study showed that there was a significant relationship between nutritional status and the incidence of anaemia in the third-trimester pregnant women (p-value =0,004) with α = 0,05. Conclusion: There is a significant correlation between nutritional status and the incidence of anaemia in pregnant mother of trimester III at Aminah Aminah Clinic in 2018. Keywords: Nutritional status, incidence of anaemia, pregnant mother of third trimester

Anemia during pregnancy carries the risk of premature birth, low birth weight, and fetus malformations and can impose additional costs on society and families. The prevalence of anemia would be the best indicator to monitor pregnant women’s health and prevent pregnancy complications. The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted pregnant women. The prevalence of anemia in pregnancy increased from 38.33% in 2019 to 49.21% in 2020. In the COVID-19 pandemic situation with social activity restrictions, decreasing family income, and limited access to health services, suffering from COVID-19 are risk factors for increasing the incidence of anemia in pregnancy. This study aimed to determine factors affecting the incidence of anemia in pregnancy during the COVID-19 pandemic in Karangrejo District, Magetan Regency. This study was an observational analytic study with a cross-sectional study design. The sample was selected by purposive sampling with a sample size of 52 study subjects. Data were analyzed using logistic regression analysis with SPSS. Factors that increased the incidence of anemia in pregnancy during the COVID-19 pandemic were pregnancy interval (OR=17.67; CI 95%= 1.01 to 116.00; p=0.049), gestational age (OR=11.39; CI 95% 1.12-116.00; p= 0,040), animal protein intake (OR= 0.25; CI 95% 0.03 – 2.38; p= 0,044), iron supplementation (OR= 108.47; CI 95% 2.36 – 4978.68; p= 0,016), consumption of tea (OR=36,89; CI95% 1.57 to 868.41; p=0.025). Mothers’ education, family income, parity, frequency of ANC visits, and COVID-19 morbidity do not significantly affect the incidence of anemia in pregnancy. There were effects of pregnancy interval, gestational age, animal protein intake, iron supplementation, and consumption of tea on the incidence of anemia in pregnancy during the COVID-19 in Karangrejo District, Magetan Regency. Keywords: anemia;pregnancy;COVID-19

Anemia is a serious global public health problem that primarily affects children, girls and adolescent women who are menstruating, as well as pregnant and postpartum women. The prevalence of anemia in pregnant women in the world is estimated at 37%. Based on the results of the Basic Health Research (Riskesdas) in 2018, the prevalence of pregnant women with anemia was 48.9%. According to data from the Lampung Provincial Health Office in 2022, pregnant women experience anemia with a presentation showing a figure of 5.5%. While in Metro City, the prevalence of anemia in pregnant women is 11.4% with the highest anemia at the Ganjar Agung Health Center, Metro City with a percentage of 29.7%. This type of research is quantitative research with a Cross Sectional design. Data collection by looking at medical records. the number of samples needed in this study is 53 respondents. The sampling technique used in this study is simple random sampling. Data analysis uses bivariate analysis with the chi square test at α = 0.05. The results of the Chi Square test analysis of pregnancy spacing with the incidence of anemia were obtained (p-value 0.001) meaning that there is a significant relationship between pregnancy spacing and the incidence of anemia, the results of the parity test with the incidence of anemia were obtained (p-value 0.282) meaning that there is no significant relationship between parity and the incidence of anemia. The conclusion of this study is that there is a significant relationship between pregnancy spacing and the incidence of anemia in pregnant women in the third trimester. There is no significant relationship between parity and the incidence of anemia in pregnant women in the third trimester. Researchers expect health workers and Posyandu Cadres to be able to improve Ante Natal Care, one of which is Hb examination and provision of Fe tablets for pregnant women. Conducting education on safe pregnancy spacing and childbirth.

Introduction: Anemia in pregnancy is a problem in the health sector because it is an indicator of poor nutritional status and health status. Anemia during pregnancy is defined as Hb less than 10 g/dL. If Hb is below 12 g/dL in early pregnancy, pregnant women may need to be given prophylactic drugs because of hemodilution which reduces Hb levels to less than 10 g/dL. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between maternal behavior, the role of health workers, and family motivation on the incidence of anemia in pregnant women in Permis Village in 2022. Methods: This type of research is an analytical descriptive study using a quantitative method with a cross-sectional approach. Results: The statistical test results show that there is a relationship between the role of midwives and the incidence of anemia in pregnant women in Permis Village in 2022 with a p-value of 0.006. there is a relationship between family motivation and the incidence of anemia in pregnant women in Permis Village in 2022 with a p-value of 0,021. there is a relationship between anemia prevention behavior and the incidence of anemia in pregnant women in Permis Village in 2022 with a p-value of 0.013. Discussion: The conclusion is the relationship between maternal behavior, the role of health workers, and family motivation toward the incidence of anemia in pregnant women in Permis Village in 2022. The suggestion for this research is to apply healthy behavior on how to prevent and treat anemia during pregnancy to prevent complications in pregnant women and fetuses.