LITERATURA CA FORMĂ DE REZISTENȚĂ ÎN TIMPUL COMUNISMULUI – PROZA SCURTĂ A LUI ROMULUS RUSAN, CRITICĂ SOCIALĂ IRONICĂ ȘI PARODICĂ. STUDIUL DE CAZ – MODALITATE DE STIMULARE A INTERESULUI PENTRU LECTURĂ ȘI CONTEXTUALIZARE

The authors consider short prose, an intensively developing multifaceted genre of both traditional and digital literature. There are no strict limitations as regards its volume, so it may vary from a number of pages to a sentence. To function, texts with high levels of “hypoverbalisation” (intentional scarcity of verbal representation) rely on the assumption that readers share some common core knowledge and life experience, including knowledge of other literary texts, with the author and are capable of logical analysis and reflection. Thus, in short prose, the reader in fact becomes a co-author, reconstructing the facts and events of the text, and an interpreter, structuring and shaping the space of the text. The main methods to compress the text are references to the reader’s life experience, background pragmatic and scholarly knowledge, and precedent phenomena. The paper focuses on the particularly interesting phenomenon of discourse transformation. A text created by author-1 as a non-literary text is perceived by reader-1 and identified as a text with literary value; in this case, reader-1 becomes author-2 and presents a text residing on another level to the reader. The public’s attention to this kind of literature has given rise to a number of websites that publish quotes from real emails, text messages, forums, chats, life stories, short philosophic essays, and comments on events. Such quotations often include metalinguistic humour, which may indicate users’ increased interest in transformational processes in the contemporary Russian language. It is also a demonstration of their linguistic creativity, reflected in the coining of new lexical units, providing existing words with new meanings, and the innovative use of graphics.

: In this paper, we highlight some problems of literary translation in Albanian culture by examining the relationship between the source text and the translation context, as well as the influence of the cultural and ideo-political context on the phenomena of censorship and self-censorship during the translation process. As paradigms of these problems, we considered the Albanian translations of "Don Quixote" by Miguel de Cervantes (Part One); "Les Miserables" by Victor Hugo and "Love in the Time of Cholera" (translation and retranslation) by Gabriel García Márquez, which we view as typical examples of these flagrant shifts. Through the comparative approach of the works translated into Albanian with the source texts, as well as the translation and retranslation of the same work, but in different ideological and cultural periods (one in the period of communism and the other, the retranslation, in the period of democracy), we have identified concrete examples of deviations and deformations that the source text suffered during translation. We have analyzed the nature and reasons that led to these deviations or deformations of these translations, by giving our opinion for each case, as well. From the analysis, it turns out that the processes of censorship and self-censorship were enforced by two factors: the socio-cultural context, the horizon of the reader’s expectations of the time (the case of “Don Quixote”) and the ideo-political constraints (the cases of “Les Miserables” and “Love in the Times of Cholera”.)

Rice cultivation serves as a significant anthropogenic source of methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O). Although N2O emissions remain relatively small compared to CH4 emissions, they are remarkably affected by nitrogen-fertilized soil conditions during rice cultivation. While numerous studies have investigated nitrous oxide emissions in response to nitrogen fertilization, existing research assessing nitrous oxide emissions based on nitrogen fertilizer levels has often been limited to cultivation periods. Therefore, there is a need for comprehensive analyses covering the entire year, including the dry periods, to address nitrous oxide emissions as an important source throughout the entire agricultural cycle. In this case study, we investigated the characteristics of N2O emissions in a central region of South Korea, where a single rice-cropping cycle occurs annually over a span of three whole years, from May 2020 to May 2023. We investigated the impact of variations in temperature and soil moisture on N2O emissions during rice cultivation and fallow periods. In this context, we attempted to discover the complex dynamics of N2O emissions by comparing longer fallow periods with the rice cultivation periods and extended non-dry periods with irrigated periods. We discovered that the greater contribution of cumulative N2O emissions during the fallow period made a much greater contribution (up to approximately 90%) to the whole-year N2O emissions than those during the rice cultivation period. During the fallow period from rice harvest to rice planting in the following year, variations in N2O emissions were associated with high-flux events after rainy periods on dry soils. This highlights the considerable influence of soil moisture content and weather conditions on N2O emissions during the fallow period. This affects high emission events, which in turn significantly impact the cumulative emissions over the entire period. We underscore that assessing N2O emissions solely based on the rice cultivation period would underestimate annual emissions. To prevent underestimation of N2O emissions, periodic gas collection throughout a year covering both rice cultivation and fallow phases is required in alignment with the monitoring of different temperature and soil moisture conditions. We captured statistical differences in cumulative N2O emissions due to nitrogen fertilization treatments across the three years. However, no significant difference was observed in the three-year average emissions among the different (one, one-and-a-half, and double) nitrogen fertilization treatments, with the exception of the control treatment (no fertilization). Based on the findings, we recommend at least three whole-year evaluations to ensure the estimation accuracy of N2O emissions under different nitrogen fertilization conditions. The findings from this study could help prepare the further revision or refinement of N2O emission factors from rice cultivation in the national greenhouse gas inventories defined by the inter-governmental panel on climate change (IPCC).

Arrival briefings as an effective interpretation strategy in tourist destinations: The case of Daisetsuzan National Park, Japan

With corresponding theoretical concepts from both analysed periods (communist and present) as reference, this article will discuss the main differences between the communist period and the present in relation to the presentation of financial statements in Romania. We shall analyse the distinctions and similarities between the two periods, ultimately forming a conclusion encompassing the degree and direction in which this process has evolved in our country.

Beyond the Current Impasse in Literary Studies

LOVE, TOWN AND WAR. AN ANALYSIS OF THE MICROSTRUCTURE (CLOSE READING) IN DRAGO JANČAR’S WAR NOVELS The paper focuses on the micro-structural analysis, i.e., close-reading, of the selected literary texts. Close-reading is the opposite of distant reading that generally connotes analysis of a much larger corpus. Close-reading is an acceptable strategy for textual interpretation. This strategy includes, at first glance, some banal issues, such as the relationship between historically documented events and their literary (fictional) presentations, spatial data (in this case Maribor and its topography), and temporal data (linear or recursive). Furthermore, this procedure enables identification of a given genre, for example a cycle or some kind of a supra-text (in this case a novelistic trilogy). The analysis will show how the fundamental paradox embedded in Maribor, its Slovene-German past, is reflected in Jančar’s novels. Special emphasis is placed on processes, motifs, images, characters, events and even micro-texts present in Jančar’s short prose that later reappear in his novels in a new context. Jančar’s text that are studied are Severni sij (Northern Lights, 1984), To noč sem jo videl (I Saw Her That Night, 2010) and In ljubezen tudi (And Love Itself, 2017).

Henrik Ibsen and Conspiracy Thinking: The Case of <i>Peer Gynt</i>

More English literary and nonliterary texts “go electronic” and often online every day, from literary projects like EEBO (Early English Books Online) to linguistics projects like ARCHER (A Representative Corpus of Historical English Registers), from lexicographic projects like the Oxford English Dictionary Online to projects so ambitious they are almost uncategorizable, like Google’s digitization of entire university libraries. How should researchers and teachers of English best exploit these new electronic riches? Scholars in English corpus linguistics have been pushing the boundaries and addressing the challenges of working with collections of electronic texts for decades, in ways that can usefully inform all sub-disciplines of English literature and language study. This chapter focuses on the new research opportunities and lines of questioning that electronic text collections open in a variety of fields, on the wisdom gained in corpus linguistics on best practices for working with electronic texts, and on muchneeded conversations between scholars in all sub-disciplines of English for how best to build electronic text collections so they can answer the questions we want to ask.

This article examines the development and significance of the scientific and methodological knowledge in geography as a science in Costa Rica, beginning with the creation of the School of Geographic Sciences (ECG) at the National University. The essential components of the ECG have consistently been the commitment to professional training through teaching, the need to advance knowledge within the discipline and sub-disciplines of geography through research, and the mandate to connect the Academic Unit with Costa Rican and Central American society through applied geography. In recent decades, the ECG has also aimed to promote scientific praxis through interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary activities. The author provides a reflective and self-critical synthesis of the ECG after half a century of existence.

Product realization, i.e., product development and production, involves several transdisciplinary activities. People from different disciplines are involved, representing different practices and knowledge areas. These differences create boundaries, which must be crossed to succeed with the endeavor of product realization. One way of crossing boundaries is through boundary objects, i.e., artefacts that create common understanding between different domains. Boundary objects have been applied in for example educational research and are a promising approach in engineering. Between product development and production, engineering tools such as prototypes, simulation, and design for assembly are often used as boundary objects. Previous research has shown that different aspects affect whether an artefact function as a boundary object or not. However, the context of product realization remains unexplored in this topic. This paper, therefore, explores what aspects affect how an engineering tool can function as a boundary object. Based on a literature review, workshops and a case study, the paper presents aspects related to the situation, the tool and the individuals that affect it an engineering tool function as boundary objects. The paper addresses two important transdisciplinary concerns: knowledge from different disciplines is combined, and both academic and scientific goals are considered.

This volume explores the issue of social class from the point of view of its linguistic articulations. Indeed, as Machin and Richardson (2008) stated, “discourses may be variously approached as (often simultaneously) reflecting class structures, as a site of class inequalities, as expressive of class identities or class consciousness and/or as a constituent part of more performative class action.” Some of the contributions that make up the volume were presented at a conference held at Cagliari University, Italy, in 2017 and responded to the call for analyses on the role of language in reflecting, maintaining, enacting, and inculcating ideas on social class in literary and non-literary texts and discourses in any cultural or linguistic setting. This volume aspires to encourage scholars in disciplines and academic fields that have shied away from reflections on structural inequalities in favor of studies on ethnic, gender, and cultural identities in the last decades to take back on board the concept of social class and to engage with it in a novel way. The variety of approaches – ranging from the more traditional sociolinguistic one, anthropology, to literary and discourse studies – and cultural settings – with case studies coming from 3 continents – represented in the chapters show that social class is a productive and illuminating concept for trying to (re)make sense of social reproduction and change.

New Directions in Cognitive Grammar and Style

The act of “eating” is part of the ritual and ceremonial acts that have a great capacity for social transformation with a well-marked symbolic eff ectiveness. Th e history of nutrition cannot be seen as detached from the history of humanity, as they are identifi ed in the stages of their evolution. Factors that play an important role in this regard, infl uencing and sizing specifi c meanings and connotations, are the natural environment, climatic conditions, the socio-economic structure of communities, spiritual beliefs. Migration has been an acute phenomenon of the Romanian society in the last 30 years. If in the second half of the last century, during the communist period, the phenomenon of migration focused on moving the population from rural to urban areas, the liberalization of borders, entering EU structures, NATO, etc., facilitated and even encouraged, in a way or another, the migration of Romanians. Th e Romanian communities have grown signifi cantly, reaching a signifi cant place in the population of migrating countries, and even a representative minority in certain European states (Italy, Spain, Great Britain, etc.). Statistically speaking, Greece does not have a concrete record of the Romanian community, the last census dating from 2007 and the one from the end of 2021 not being centralized yet. In Greece, based on the information provided by the Romanian associations, there are a number of approximately 80,000 — 100,000 Romanians from several areas of Romania, mainly from Moldova, Bucovina and Maramureș, most of them living in Athens and a smaller part on the islands. Th is paper presents a case study, conducted within the Romanian community in Greece, having as main element traditional food. Starting from the idea that this community is part of the mobility diaspora, not being clearly defi ned for a period of time, we will notice, however, that the traditional food is an extremely important element in preserving the national identity. Th e Romanian communities, be they historical or mobility, follow an authentic Romanian social pattern, with few foreign influences, determined by several factors.

This essay explores the question of whether Women's Studies is a discipline or an interdisciplinary activity by comparing the structure of knowledge in Women's Studies to Political Science, which is established as a discipline. The comparison proceeds by defining a discipline as an intellectual practice with several features: 1) a shared narrative of identity and community, 2) a common vocabulary and set of concepts, 3) a set of questions that guide inquiry, 4) a set of methods or strategies of interpretation, which construct what counts as evidence. The essay then makes the case for Women's Studies as a disciplined mode of inquiry that draws from an interdisciplinary knowledge base, a base embodying both social scientific and humanities analytical approaches.