Lippia multiflora (Verbenaceae, Mold.) Essential Oil Effect on Broilers’ Growth, Blood Cell Counts and Blood Plasma Lipid Profile

Background. Diabetes mellitus with impaired transport of glucose from the blood into the cells against the background of absolute or relative hypoinsulinemia is accompanied by the development of dyslipidemia. Therefore, it is important to find therapeutic agents capable of alleviating the symptoms and, as a result, the course of diabetes. Screening of antidiabetic agents indicates that one of their main potential sources is natural products of plant origin. However, although a wide range of plant extracts are known to be used to treat diabetes, the use of only some of them has been scientifically proven. The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of biologically active substances available in the extracts of fruits of different cultivars of Cornus mas L. on plasma lipid profile in experimental diabetes mellitus. Materials and methods. Wistar male rats with starting weight of 140–170 g were used for all experiments. Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (55 mg/kg of body weight). The animals were divided into five groups. The first (control) and the second (diabetic control) groups orally received 1 mL of water daily for 14 days. Diabetic animals of the third to fifth groups were orally administered extracts of red and yellow fruits of Cornus mas L. and the “Loganic acid” extract, respectively, in the amount of 20 mg/kg of body weight for 14 days. The concentration of low-density lipoproteins, high-density lipoproteins, triglycerides, and cholesterol was determined in the rats’ blood plasma. Atherogenic indices were calculated based on lipid profile in blood plasma. Results. The total cholesterol content in diabetic rats’ blood plasma was reliably reduced when the extract of the red fruits of the Cornus mas L. “Podolski” cultivar was administered. “Loganic acid” extract, obtained from the yellow fruits of the “Yantarnyi” and “Flava” cultivars of Cornus mas L., decreased the concentration of total cholesterol, triglycerides, and the content of low-density lipoproteins against the background of an increase in the content of high-density lipoproteins in blood plasma. The atherogenic indexes made it possible to establish that the degree of risk of cardiovascular complications due to diabetes is significantly reduced against the background of the administration of extracts of cornelian cherry fruits. Conclusions. Extracts of the fruits of the “Podolski”, “Yantarnyi” and “Flava” cultivars of Cornus mas L. correct the lipid profile of blood plasma in streptozotocin-induced diabetes animals and, as a result, may potentially prevent the development of atherosclerotic changes and cardiovascular complications. The fruits of Cornus mas L. may be potential agents in the therapy of dyslipidemia in diabetes.

In cardiac rehabilitation, 40-60-min exercise training sessions are advised. However, because of the increasing coronary artery disease (CAD) prevalence and higher workload for cardiac rehabilitation centres, it remains unclear whether 40-min exercise training sessions are equally effective as 60-min exercise training sessions. Prospective randomized clinical trial. One hundred and thirty-four CAD patients were included in a 7-week rehabilitation programme. All patients exercised 3 days per week, at a heart rate corresponding to 65% of baseline peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak). Patients were randomized in two groups: 40 versus 60-min exercise training sessions. Changes of body anthropometrics, resting haemodynamics, exercise capacity and ventilatory threshold, blood plasma lipid profile and C-reactive protein level were assessed. As a result of rehabilitation, exercise capacity, ventilatory threshold, and blood plasma lipid profile improved significantly in the total population (P<0.05), without differences between subgroups (P>0.05). Body weight and waist circumference decreased significantly in total population (P<0.01), but with a greater magnitude in the 40 versus 60-min exercise session group (P<0.05). In the early rehabilitation of CAD patients, 40-min exercise training sessions seem to be at least as effective for improving body anthropometrics, blood plasma lipid profile and exercise capacity, as compared with 60-min exercise training sessions.

The experiment tested Acacia auriculiformis leaves’ powder actions on broilers’ growing performance and their blood plasma lipid profile. So, an experiment with 150-day-old broiler chicks was set. At the end of week 3, all the broilers were weighed, and 10 homogenous groups of 12 chicks each were constituted, within whose 5 groups per gender. Also, Acacia auriculiformis (Aa) leaves were collected, dried during 2 weeks in laboratory rooms, and were powdered with a blender. Then, in addition to a control diet, 4 diets were made by incorporating 0.75%, 1.5%, 2.25% and 3%Aa leaves’ powder. So, the diets were 0%Aa, 0.75%Aa, 1.5%Aa, 2.25%Aa, and 3%Aa, respectively. Randomly, each broilers’ group was fed on a diet for 7 weeks and the birds were weekly weighed. At the end of week 10, 3 broilers of similar weights were slaughtered per group. Their blood was collected in 2 types of tubes, for blood cells count, and blood plasma lipid analysis. As a result, white blood cell (WBC) counts were 22.80, 21.52, 20.28 and 18.11*103/µL, with diets 0%Aa, 2.25%Aa, 1.5%Aa, and 3%Aa, respectively. Thus, this WBC count decrease confers an antibiotic action to Aa leaves powder. Following, HDL cholesterol content increased from 31.62 for diet 0%Aa to 37.80 mg/dL for diet 1.5%Aa (+6.18 mg/dL, p&lt;0.001). Simultaneously, with 1.5%Aa, triglyceride content was the smallest for 21.03 mg/dL (p&lt;0.001), and protein content was the highest for 4.01 g/dL. In conclusion, at 1.5% in the diet, Acacia auriculiformis leaves’ powder may be very beneficial to broilers’ organic rearing.

The purpose of the study – to examine the indices of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, as well as the hemostasis system, in patients with post-COVID syndrome. Material and methods. The study involved 102 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM): 53 patients without post- COVID syndrome (Group I); 49 patients with post- COVID syndrome (Group II), aged 18 to 79 years and 20 practically healthy individuals (PHI). The following parameters were analyzed: fasting glucose levels, postprandial glucose levels, glycated hemoglobin, and insulin levels in the blood serum. The lipid profile of blood plasma was also studied, including total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), HDL cholesterol (HDL-C), LDL cholesterol (LDL-C), very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), fibrinolytic activity of the blood plasma, prothrombin time (PT), prothrombin index (PI), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), factor XIII activity, fibrinogen levels, antithrombin III (AT III) activity, and D-dimer levels in the blood plasma. Results. Patients with T2DM and post- COVID syndrome exhibited: higher fasting and 2-hour glucose levels, glycated hemoglobin, immunoreactive insulin (IRI), and insulin resistance index compared to patients without post- COVID syndrome. More pronounced alterations in the blood lipid profile, including lower HDL-C and higher LDL-C levels. Changes in the hemostasis system, regardless of post- COVID syndrome presence, indicated increased thrombotic activity and reduced fibrinolysis. However, T2DM with post- COVID syndrome showed significantly higher D-dimer and fibrinogen levels, with a more marked decrease in AT III. Conclusions. Patients with T2DM and post- COVID syndrome demonstrated more pronounced disturbances in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, as well as more significant impairments in coagulation and fibrinolysis.

The effect of the substitution of guanine to adenine at position -308 in the <em>TNF</em> gene promoter on lipid profile in healthy donors and patients with essential hypertension (EH), rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) was studied. The increase in tumor necrosis factor (TNFα) level in the blood plasma of patients as compared with donors in the control group was shown. It was accompanied by a change in triglycerides, cholesterol, high density and low density lipoproteins levels in blood plasma of patients with essential hypertension and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. The effect of genotype for polymorphic marker -308G&gt;A of the <em>TNF</em> gene on the level of total cholesterol in the blood plasma of patients with NASH and on the level of high density lipoprotein cholesterol of patients with EH was revealed. Significant differences in lipid levels in blood plasma of carriers of different genotypes of the studied markers in the control group and patients with RA were not found. The findings suggest that the -308G&gt;A polymorphism of the <em>TNF</em> gene affects the lipid profile of blood plasma, however, does not clearly say what exactly the allele has a pro-atherogenic properties.

The study was designed to analyze the effects of brown seaweed (BS) and green seaweed (GS) on blood plasma antioxidant enzyme activities, hepatic antioxidant genes expression, blood plasma lipid profile, breast meat quality, and chemical composition in broiler chickens. The dietary treatment groups contained basal diet [negative control (NC)], basal diet + vitamin E (100 mg/kg feed) [positive control (PC)], basal diet + 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1, and 1.25% BS and GS supplements separately. The findings showed that both BS and GS exhibited remarkable antioxidant activity. In contrast, the maximum antioxidant activity was recorded by BS (55.19%), which was significantly higher than the GS (25.74%). Results showed that various levels of BS and GS had no significant effects on broiler blood plasma catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) enzyme activities. The hepatic superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) gene mRNA expression was significantly higher for birds fed 0.50% and 0.75% BS. Regarding the plasma lipid profile, the total cholesterol (TC) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels were higher (p < 0.05) for birds fed 0.75 and 1% BS compared to the negative and positive control groups. The findings showed that different levels of BS and GS had significantly higher breast meat crude protein (CP) content.

An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of lycopene on lipid profile and quality of meat of broiler chickens Ross 308 at a different form of selenium. 540 broiler cockerels were randomly divided into 6 groups: without lycopene supplement (groups C and E3), supplemented with 50 mg/kg lycopene (groups E1 and E4), supplemented with 100 mg/kg lycopene (groups E2 and E5) while the source of selenium was sodium selenite (groups C, E1, E2) and Se-enriched yeast (groups E3, E4, E5). The experimental period was from 14 to 35 days of broiler age and was terminated by slaughter. The organic form of dietary selenium increased (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; ≤ 0.05) its content in breast meat (E3 – 174.2 &amp;mu;g/kg, E4 – 186.4 &amp;mu;g/kg, E5 – 191.9 &amp;mu;g/kg) compared to selenite (C – 125.4 &amp;mu;g/kg, E1 – 123.3 &amp;mu;g/kg, E2 – 128.5 &amp;mu;g/kg). The shear force of meat was higher (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; ≤ 0.05) in groups receiving the organic form of Se (E3 – 0.026 kN, E4 – 0.025 kN, E5 – 0.024 kN) in comparison with group C (0.017 kN), E1 (0.016 kN) and E2 (0.014 kN). Se in Se-enriched yeast reduced (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; ≤ 0.05) the concentration of malondialdehyde in breast meat after 5 days of storage. There were no significant differences in concentrations of cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and lipase in plasma. The higher content of HDL cholesterol in plasma was recorded in groups supplemented with 50 mg of lycopene, followed by groups with 100 mg of lycopene and the lowest values were measured in groups without lycopene supplementation when the difference between group E1 (1.64 mmol/l) and E3 (1.51 mmol/l) was significant (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; ≤ 0.05). Concentrations of LDL cholesterol showed an opposite trend. The lycopene supplement had a positive effect on the lipid profile of blood plasma of broiler chickens.

Differences in genetic background and/or environmental exposure among individuals are expected to give rise to differences in measurable characteristics, or phenotypes. Consequently, genetic resemblance and similarities in environment should manifest as similarities in phenotypes. The metabolome reflects many of the system properties, and is therefore an important part of the phenotype. Nevertheless, it has not yet been examined to what extent individuals sharing part of their genome and/or environment indeed have similar metabolomes. Here we present the results of hierarchical clustering of blood plasma lipid profile data obtained by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry from 23 healthy, 18-year-old twin pairs, of which 21 pairs were monozygotic, and 8 of their siblings. For 13 monozygotic twin pairs, within-pair similarities in relative concentrations of the detected lipids were indeed larger than the similarities with any other study participant. We demonstrate such high coclustering to be unexpected on basis of chance. The similarities between dizygotic twins and between nontwin siblings, as well as between nonfamilial participants, were less pronounced. In a number of twin pairs, within-pair dissimilarity of lipid profiles positively correlated with increased blood plasma concentrations of C-reactive protein in one twin. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that in healthy individuals, the individual genetic background contributes to the blood plasma lipid profile. Furthermore, lipid profiling may prove useful in monitoring health status, for example, in the context of personalized medicine.

Background Vector control strategies have predominantly relied on the use of synthetic chemicals, leading to the widespread of resistance among malaria vector populations. This growing resistance has prompted increased interest in alternative control methods, particularly those based on plant-derived essential oils (EOs). The present study investigates the insecticidal efficacy of five essential oils against field populations of Anopheles gambiae sensu lato from Burkina Faso. The objective was also to assess the current distribution and frequency of resistance-conferring mutations within these mosquito populations. Methods Essential oils were extracted from Cymbopogon citratus , Cymbopogon nardus , Eucalyptus camaldulensis , Lippia multiflora , and Ocimum americanum plants by hydrodistillation, and their chemical composition was analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The insecticidal activity of the EOs was evaluated on Anopheles gambiae complex populations collected from fifteen localities, following the WHO tube bioassay protocol. Species identification in Anopheles complex was carried out by PCR. Molecular assays targeting specific resistance genes, particularly the knockdown resistance ( kdr ) L1014F mutation, were conducted using allele-specific PCR. The KD effect and mortality rates induced by each EO were recorded. Results GC–MS analysis revealed among the 5 EOs samples tested, monoterpenes were the dominant compounds. The KD effects of Cymbopogon citratus , Cymbopogon nardus and Lippia multiflora were more pronounced in all the study areas. The comparative analysis of knockdown times at 50% and 95% (KDT50 and KDT95) highlights significant differences in efficacy between the tested essential oils and permethrin. Overall, the essential oils exhibited significantly lower KDT values than permethrin, indicating a faster and potentially more effective action against Anopheles gambiae populations. Moreover, L. multiflora induced a rate of mortality of 100% in mosquitoes from fifteen localities. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences in mortality rates among the EOs tested. The potent insecticidal activity observed is likely due to the major terpenoid compounds present in these EOs. Among the mosquito populations analyzed, Anopheles arabiensis was predominant and exhibited high phenotypic resistance to pyrethroids in multiple locations. Conclusion The EOs of Cymbopogon citratus , Cymbopogon nardus , and Lippia multiflora could be used as alternatives where pyrethroid resistance in malaria vectors has been established. These findings support the potential integration of these plant-derived oils into environmentally sustainable vector management strategies in Burkina Faso.

Hepatic proteome changes induced by dietary supplementation with two levels of native chicory inulin in young pigs

Influences of red blood cell and platelet counts on the distribution and elimination of crystalloid fluid

Lipids are molecules involved in metabolism and inflammation. This study investigates the plasma lipidome for markers of severity and nutritional status in critically ill children. Children with multi-organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) (n = 24) are analyzed at three time-points and cross-referenced to sedation controls (n = 4) for a total of N = 28. Eight of the patients with MODS, needed veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA ECMO) support to survive. Blood plasma lipid profiles are quantified by nano-electrospray (nESI), direct infusion high resolution/accurate mass spectrometry (MS), and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS), and compared to nutritional profiles and pediatric logistic organ dysfunction (PELOD) scores. Our results show that PELOD scores were not significantly different between MODS and ECMO cases across time-points (p = 0.66). Lipid profiling provides stratification between sedation controls and all MODS patients for total lysophosphatidylserine (lysoPS) (p-value = 0.004), total phosphatidylserine (PS) (p-value = 0.015), and total ether-linked phosphatidylethanolamine (ether-PE) (p-value = 0.03) after adjusting for sex and age. Nutrition intake over time did not correlate with changes in lipid profiles, as measured by caloric and protein intake. Lipid measurement in the intensive care environment shows dynamic changes over an 8-day pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) course, suggesting novel metabolic indicators for defining critically ill children.

The primary therapeutic approach for managing hyperglycemia today is diet therapy. Lipids are not only a source of nutrients but also play a role in initiating adipocyte differentiation in the fetus, which may explain the development of fetal macrosomia and future metabolic disorders in children born to mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Alterations in the maternal blood lipid profile, influenced by adherence to a healthy diet in mothers with GDM and the occurrence of fetal macrosomia, represent a complex and not fully understood process. The aim of this study was to examine the characteristics of the blood plasma lipid profile in pregnant women with GDM across all trimesters based on adherence to diet therapy. The clinical part of the study followed a case-control design, including 110 women: 80 in the control group, 20 in a GDM group adhering to the diet, and 10 in a GDM group not adhering to the diet. The laboratory part was conducted as a longitudinal dynamic study, with venous blood samples collected at three time points: 11-13, 24-26, and 30-32 weeks of pregnancy. A significant impact of diet therapy on the composition of blood lipids throughout pregnancy was demonstrated, starting as early as the first trimester. ROC analysis indicated high effectiveness of the models developed, with an AUC of 0.98 for the 30- to 32-week model and sensitivity and specificity values of 1 and 0.9, respectively. An association was found between dietary habits, maternal blood lipid composition at 32 weeks, and newborn weight. The changes in lipid profiles during macrosomia development and under diet therapy were found to be diametrically opposed, confirming at the molecular level that diet therapy can normalize not only carbohydrate metabolism but also lipid metabolism in both the mother and fetus. Based on the data obtained, it is suggested that after further validation, the developed models could be used to improve the prognosis of macrosomia by analyzing blood plasma lipid profiles at various stages of pregnancy.

&lt;p&gt;The purpose of this study was to assess &lt;em&gt;in vitro&lt;/em&gt; the activity of four essential oils (&lt;em&gt;Cymbopogon citratus, Eucalyptus citriodora, Lippia multiflora, Melaleuca quinquenervia&lt;/em&gt;) and the biobactericide Neco® on Gram-positive bacteria.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;T&lt;/strong&gt;he aromatogram and antibiogram were assessed by the agar well diffusion method and the Muller Hinton disk-agar diffusion method, respectively. Also, the minimum inhibitory concentration and the minimum bactericidal concentration were determined by the microdilution method in liquid medium.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The aromatogram showed that the biobactericide Neco® induced the largest inhibition diameters (34.53 ± 11.82 - 43.92 ± 5.38 mm) of all strains combined, followed by the essential oils of &lt;em&gt;Eucalyptus Citriodora&lt;/em&gt; (30.01 ± 3.02 - 41.89 ± 1.77 mm) and &lt;em&gt;Lippia multiflora&lt;/em&gt; (20.72 ± 4.72 - 37.61 ± 2.80 mm). However, the essential oils of &lt;em&gt;Melaleuca quinquenervia&lt;/em&gt; (19.99 ± 3.93 - 26.20 ± 13.27 mm) and &lt;em&gt;Cymbopogon citratus&lt;/em&gt; (13.52 ± 3.59 - 29.08 ± 2.35 mm) had the smallest inhibition diameters. Moreover, the comparison of the activities of the aromatogram and antibiogram revealed generally that activities were higher with essential oils than with antibiotics.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;At the end of this study, the essential oils of &lt;em&gt;Cymbopogon citratus&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Eucalyptus citriodora, Lippia multiflora, Melaleuca quinquenervia&lt;/em&gt; and the biobactericide Neco® had an antibacterial activity on Gram+ bacteria.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with increased risk for cardiovascular disease and anemia. Vitamin D-related changes in lipid profile have been studied extensively but the relationship between vitamin D and lipid metabolism is not completely understood. As both vitamin D and intermittent training may potentially affect iron and lipid metabolism, the aim of the study was to evaluate whether a daily supplementation of vitamin D can modulate the response of hematological and lipid parameters to high-intensity interval training (HIIT) in soccer players. Thirty-six young elite junior soccer players were included in the placebo-controlled, double-blind study. Participants were non-randomly allocated into either a supplemented group (SG, n=20, HIIT and 5,000 IU of vitamin D daily) or placebo group (PG, n=16, HIIT and sunflower oil). Hematological parameters were ascertained before and after the 8-wk training. The change score (post- and pre-training difference) was calculated for each individual and the mean change score (MCS) was compared between SG and PG using the t test and analysis of covariance. There were no differences between SG and PG at baseline. The red and white cell count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, MCHC, ferritin, and HDL-cholesterol changed significantly over the 8-wk HIIT. However, no significant differences in MCS were observed between SG and PG for any variable. A daily vitamin D supplement did not have any impact on alteration in hematological or lipid parameters in young soccer players in the course of high-intensity interval training.