Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the vasculature that is characterized by lipid accumulation and plaque development within arteries. Liver X receptors (LXRs), the pivotal regulators of lipid homeostasis in mammals, are members of the nuclear receptor superfamily of DNA-binding transcription factors. Moreover, the activation of LXRs can upregulate the expression of genes related to reverse cholesterol transport (RCT), and promote the cholesterol efflux in macrophages. Additionally, LXRs activation also could inhibit the inflammation in macrophages, epithelial cells, and smooth muscle cells, which contributes to the effect of anti-atherosclerosis. This review is focused on summarizing the development of synthetic LXR agonists and the mechanisms of the activation of LXR in anti-atherosclerosis. Key words: Liver X receptor; Atherosclerosis; Reverse cholesterol transport; Inflammation
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