Abstract
Biodiesel is a renewable alternative fuel and glycerol as a main byproduct of the manufacturing process. Lipids could be produced from crude glycerol by using yeasts. The ability of 107 yeast strains to utilize glycerol was screened and 92 of these were selected. 60 strains were determined as a potential for lipid production by Sudan Black B staining. After secondary screening 25 of them showed specific growth rates (OD 600), high biomass production and lipid content. These strains were identified as Pichia cactophila, P. fermentans, P. anomala, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, R. dairenensis, Clavispora lusitaniae, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Wickerhamomyces anomalus, Candida glabrata, C. inconspicua, C. albicans, Yarrowia lipolytica with molecular identifications based on ITS and D1/D2 26S rDNA sequences. The results showed that P. cactophila accumulated lipid up to 64.94%, the highest lipid content. C16:0, C18:0, C18:1 and C18:2 essential fatty acids for biodiesel production were detected by GC–MS in the lipids accumulated by all strains. P. cactophila and C. lusitaniae were reported for the first time as lipid-producing yeasts. The results suggest that selected 25 isolates have the ability to grow on crude glycerol and especially P. cactophila produce lipid that has potential use as a feedstock for second generation biodiesel production.
Highlights
Biodiesel has attracted attention as an alternative and environmentally friendly fuel because of its low toxicity, biodegradability, and low concentrations of small particulate matter and SO2 in exhaust gas when used in motor vehicles [1]
After secondary screening 25 of them showed specific growth rates (OD 600), high biomass production and lipid content. These strains were identified as Pichia cactophila, P. fermentans, P. anomala, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, R. dairenensis, Clavispora lusitaniae, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Wickerhamomyces anomalus, Candida glabrata, C. inconspicua, C. albicans, Yarrowia lipolytica with molecular identifications based on ITS and D1/D2 26S rDNA sequences
The results showed that P. cactophila accumulated lipid up to 64.94%, the highest lipid content
Summary
Biodiesel has attracted attention as an alternative and environmentally friendly fuel because of its low toxicity, biodegradability, and low concentrations of small particulate matter and SO2 in exhaust gas when used in motor vehicles [1] It is made from various vegetable oils or renewable biomass with short chain alcohol through transesterification. Microbial oil production has many positive factors such as short life cycle, less labor requirement, less space usage, no impact on climate change, low carbon dioxide emission, waste renewable biomass usage [7, 8] Some oleaginous yeasts such as Candida sp., Rhodotorula sp., Rhodosporidium sp., Yarrowia sp., Trichosporon sp. Twenty five yeast strains which grew the best were further tested for growth, biomass production, lipid content, fatty acid composition and identified molecular methods based on ITS and D1/D2 26S rDNA sequences
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