Abstract
Considering that deaths from cardiovascular disease have been increasing in proportion to population ageing, prevention and treatment of dyslipidemia in elderly people is essential to avoid such outcome. Some biomarkers, albeit with limitations, have shown effectiveness in predicting cardiovascular events. Among them, blood levels of C-reactive protein, Lipoprotein A and, especially, coronary artery calcium. Dyslipidemia management primarily includes changes in lifestyle, such as physical activity, diet and smoking cessation. However, in elderly, drug therapy may be necessary, with statins being the first line treatment. In addition, therapies with drugs that decrease intestinal cholesterol absorption or increase LDL absorption by the liver, for example, have shown benefit when added to conventional therapy. Therefore, this review aims to contemplate some aspects of dyslipidemia in the elderly population, since appropriate management of such condition can significantly avoid undesirable outcomes.
Highlights
About one million Americans die each year from cardiovascular disease (CVD)
Among the main risk factors, it is known that the levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL-c) are directly related to the increase in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) [3]
This study concluded that the presence of many risk factors at all ages resulted in markedly higher risk of cardiovascular disease throughout life [4]
Summary
About one million Americans die each year from cardiovascular disease (CVD). Coronary artery disease and stroke are the main clinical manifestations. As far as the prevention and treatment of CVD, including the control of LDL-c levels, the first step continues to be lifestyle change, which includes regular diet, with reduced intake of cholesterol, saturated fat and transfatty acids, daily intake of fibers, stop smoking and the establishment of a physical activity routine with min 30 minutes/day of moderate intensity physical exercises. Adherence to these measures can be difficult for the elderly population, so the combination with drug therapy might bring better results, and statins are widely accepted as first-line drug therapy [5]-[7]
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