Lipase-Catalyzed Synthesis of Aliphatic Polyesters via Copolymerization of Lactone, Dialkyl Diester, and Diol

Abstract

Candida antarctica lipase (CALB) has been successfully used as catalyst for copolymerization of dialkyl diester with diol and lactone to form aliphatic polyesters. The polymerization reactions were performed using a two stage process: first stage oligomerization under low vacuum followed by second stage polymerization under high vacuum. Use of the two-stage process is required to obtain products with high molecular weights at high yields for the following reasons: (i) the first stage reaction ensures that the monomer loss via evaporation is minimized to maintain 1:1 diester to diol stoichiometric ratio, and the monomers are converted to nonvolatile oligomers; (ii) use of high vacuum during the second stage accelerates equilibrium transesterification reactions to transform the oligomers to high molecular weight polymers. Thus, terpolymers of omega-pentadecalactone (PDL), diethyl succinate (DES), and 1,4-butanediol (BD) with a M w of whole product (nonfractionated) up to 77000 and M w/ M n between 1.7 and 4.0 were synthesized in high yields (e.g., 95% isolated yield). A desirable reaction temperature for the copolymerizations was found to be around 95 degrees C. At 1:1:1 PDL/DES/BD monomer molar ratio, the resultant terpolymers contained equal moles of PDL, succinate, and butylene repeat units in the polymer chains. (1)H and (13)C NMR analyses were used to determine the polyester microstructures. The synthesized PDL-DES-BD terpolymers possessed near random structures with all possible combinations of PDL, succinate, and butylene units via ester linkages in the polymer backbone. Furthermore, thermal stability and crystallinity of a pure PDL-DES-BD terpolymer with 1:1:1 PDL to succinate to butylene unit ratio and M w of 85400 were studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The copolyester was found to be a semicrystalline material with a T g of -34 degrees C and a T m of 64 degrees C, which degrades in a single weight loss step centered at T max = 408 degrees C.