Abstract
Nowadays the industrial chemistry reactions rely on green technologies. Enzymes as lipases are increasing its use in diverse chemical processes. Epoxidized fatty acid methyl esters obtained from transesterification of vegetable oils have recently found applications as polymer plasticizer, agrochemical, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and food additives. In this research article, grapeseed, avocado and olive oils naturally containing high percents of mono and poly unsaturations were used as starting materials for the production of unsaturated fatty acid methyl esters. The effect of lauric acid as an active oxygen carrier was studied on epoxidation reactions where unsaturated fatty acid methyl esters were converted to epoxy fatty acid methyl esters using immobilized Candida antarctica Lipase type B as catalyst and hydrogen peroxide as oxygen donor at mild temperature and pressure conditions. After this study it was confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR and GC–MS that the addition of lauric acid to the enzymatic reaction is unnecessary to transform the alkenes in to epoxides. It was found that quantitative conversions were possible in despite of a carboxylic acid absence.
Highlights
In response to a serious concern over the depleting fossil reserves and the negative environmental impact caused by their products and processes, there has been a growing trend towards utilization of renewable feedstocks as a source of chemicals and materials [1]
Fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) characterization FAMEs from different vegetable oils were characterized by GC–MS, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR analytical techniques
Is possible observe a triplet at 2.30 ppm that indicates presence of carbonyl α-CH2 protons. These two peaks confirmed the presence of methyl esters and its integration areas confirms the conversion on each sample
Summary
In response to a serious concern over the depleting fossil reserves and the negative environmental impact caused by their products and processes, there has been a growing trend towards utilization of renewable feedstocks as a source of chemicals and materials [1]. Vegetable oils and the product of their transformations (fatty acids and alkyl esters) are important raw materials for producing a variety of products such coatings, paints, lubricants, soaps [2], and inks [3]. Epoxides are major key raw materials for various industrial products such as polymer plasticizer, agrochemical, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and food additives. Epoxidation consists on the formation of an oxirane (epoxy) group by the reaction of peroxyacids (peracids) and olefinic double bonds [4]. Epoxides derived from vegetable oils are used as PVC stabilizers, plasticizers and in polyurethane production. They can be useful as reactive diluents for paints, production of surfactants, corrosion protections agents and additives to lubricants. Using epoxidized FAMEs from unsaturated vegetable oils it is possible to obtain polymers and composites with better mechanical, electric, thermal properties than those of the polymers obtained from petrochemical products and greater resistance to oxidation than the latter ones [5,6,7]
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