Abstract
Norway is home to the last remaining populations of wild mountain reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) in Europe. Concerns over anthropogenic and natural drivers have led to change in the management regime from a population-based model to an area-based model. More complex management goals, increasing involvement of stakeholders, and larger management units call for improved knowledge about reindeer-related values. We examined the responses of 1000 respondents to 39 statements of attitudes and values associated with wild reindeer presence and the management situation in two reindeer regions of southern Norway. We used a partial least-squares path modeling approach to examine the nexus between the attraction of wild reindeer, sustainability concerns, utilitarian and non-utilitarian values, conflicts, and attitudes toward hunting. The results show that local concepts of the sustainability of reindeer are based on opinions about the ecological requirements as well as the roles reindeer can play in the social and economic development of the communities. The attraction of reindeer is a function of consumptive as well as non-consumptive objectives. Segments of the community with different consumptive orientations can share ideas about the attraction of reindeer, but diverge in their interpretation of the sustainability of the species. Improved knowledge about the diversity and complexity of value orientations associated with wild reindeer can be a useful tool for developing multi-objective management frameworks with a diversity of stakeholders who may share similar values and interests, although they have different experience and knowledge bases.
Highlights
Reindeer (Rangifer tarandus sp.) is a keystone species in Arctic and Subarctic ecosystems across the circumpolar North (Kofinas et al, 2000; Castro et al, 2016)
From a long-term perspective, the decline of the wild reindeer population has been dramatic in Europe, where its main distribution is currently restricted to 23 units in the mountain areas of southern Norway, which contain altogether 30 000 wild reindeer (Røed et al, 2014)
We explore how wildlife value orientations are associated with preferences and attitudes regarding both management goals and the roles that wild reindeer play in the rural communities in the Rondane and Setesdal mountain regions of southern Norway
Summary
Reindeer (Rangifer tarandus sp.) is a keystone species in Arctic and Subarctic ecosystems across the circumpolar North (Kofinas et al, 2000; Castro et al, 2016). Intensive reindeer husbandry since the 16th century has influenced the number of wild herds through extensive displacement of wild animals by domestic herds (Baskin, 2005). Domesticated reindeer are usually herded, watched, and slaughtered in large numbers after being rounded up in pens in the fall. Their wild counterparts are more elusive: herds change their behavior and composition through the seasons, and hunters frequently face a strenuous exercise of tracking, spotting, and catching animals in remote parts of the mountains. Because of political priorities and the international responsibility for conservation, wild and domesticated reindeer populations are managed quite differently (Andersen and Hustad, 2004)
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