Abstract
Abstract We present new behavioral data and modeling that links priming, recognition, and source memory. In four experiments, we found that the magnitude of the priming effect, as measured with identification response time in a gradual clarification task, was (1) greater for studied items receiving correct source decisions than incorrect source decisions, and (2) increased as confidence in the source decision increased. Building on the framework for modeling recognition and priming proposed by Berry, Shanks, Speekenbrink, and Henson (2012), we developed a single-system model in which source memory decisions are driven by the same memory strength signal as recognition and priming. We formally compare the model against a multiple-systems model, in which the (implicit) memory signal driving priming is distinct to the (explicit) one driving recognition and source memory. The single-system model reproduces the qualitative patterns of the association between source memory and priming better than the multiple-systems model. Comparison of the quantitative fits was not as clear-cut, however: the single-system model tended to fit better in Experiments 1 and 2, but not in Experiments 3A and 3B, where the observed association between priming and recognition was weaker. Our investigation is an initial attempt at linking priming, recognition, and source memory in the same modelling framework, and provides a basis for further exploration and refinement.
Highlights
We present new behavioral data and modeling that links priming, recognition, and source memory
Key evidence typically cited in support of multiple systems of memory shows that levels of processing manipulations affect recognition memory but not priming (e.g. Jacoby & Dallas, 1981) while changes in modality between study and test affect priming but not recognition memory (e.g. Craik, Moscovitch, & McDowd, 1994)
The main effect of source decision F(1, 30) = 0.71, MSE = 23682, p = .41, ηP2 = 0.023, BF = 0.19, and the interaction were not significant, F(1.40, 42.05) = 2.89, MSE = 38313, p = .083, ηP2 = 0.088, BF = 0.65, though visual inspection of Fig. 1A reveals a trend for RTs to only be faster for correct versus incorrect source decisions when source decisions were made with the highest level of confidence (i.e., “sure” responses)
Summary
We present new behavioral data and modeling that links priming, recognition, and source memory. We formally compare the model against a multiple-systems model, in which the (implicit) memory signal driving priming is distinct to the (explicit) one driving recognition and source memory. Source memory refers to the ability to retrieve specific contextual details associated with an item’s presentation in the study phase, such as whether an item was previously presented in a study phase towards the bottom or top of a screen. Prominent theories explain these phenomena as being driven by distinct memory systems, signals or processes. Eysenck, & Anderson, 2014) and independent memory systems are still used to explain differential memory performance (e.g. Henson et al, 2016)
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