Abstract
Long before European explorers ever set sail in search of new trade routes to India, the land that now occupies the United States flourished with hundreds of indigenous native languages. Language contact occurred among adjacent tribes, but did not reflect the status of multilingualism as we think of it in modernity. As European exploration and colonization expanded, so too did the New World mixing of global languages. The advent of the African slave trade further increased this linguistic melange, albeit through the overt dislocation of enslaved Africans from communities where their native languages survived (see Denham, chap. 12, this volume).
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