Lifesaving at sea and the imperial state: A portrait of the initial donors of the Société Centrale de Sauvetage des Naufragés (1865)

Historical facts show that in their heyday, the kingdoms in the archipelago such as Majapahit and Sriwijaya were maritime kingdoms with enormous power. With the ability to project their military power on and through the media of the sea, the two great empires were able to control the entire archipelago and even abroad. Although the government has declared Indonesia as the world's maritime axis, in its implementation there are several obstacles and among them are related to the culture of border communities who still do things that are contrary to the laws and regulations in Indonesia. The object of the research in this study is focused on the culture of the Indonesian people who are on the border area of ​​Indonesia and the Philippines in the province of North Sulawesi, which has hundreds of years and for generations, has a relationship with the Filipinos. So that by examining the variables related to the culture of border communities, it will be possible to determine the best maritime policy that can have positive implications for Indonesia's national security. This study aims to obtain a conceptual model that can present the cultural influence of border communities on the Indonesian government's maritime policy and its implications for Indonesia's national security, this model is needed as a basis for determining maritime policies that can have positive implications for strengthening Indonesia's national security. The conceptual model and framework are based on quantitative descriptive analysis method by describing the relationship between the variables and the indicators of each variable. The results of the study show that there is a significant influence between X1 (social culture of border communities) and Y1 (Maritime Policy), there is no significant effect between X2 (Economic activities of border communities) and Y1.
 
 Keywords: Social culture, economic activity, illegal activities, maritime policy, national security.

When British attention was drawn to the issue of leprosy in the empire, humanitarian organisations arose to take on responsibility for the ‘fight against leprosy’. In an effort to fund raise for a distant cause at a time when hundreds of charities competed for the financial support of British citizens, fundraisers developed propaganda to set leprosy apart from all other humanitarian causes. They drew on leprosy's relationship with Christianity, its debilitating symptoms and the supposed vulnerability of leprosy sufferers in order to mobilise Britain's sense of humanitarian, Christian and patriotic duty. This article traces the emergence of leprosy as a popular imperial humanitarian cause in modern Britain and analyses the narratives of religion, suffering and disease that the charities created and employed in order to fuel their growth and sell leprosy as a British humanitarian cause.

This article aims to deepen the understanding of the emerging sustainability phenomenon in the world of business and organizations. It involves an analysis of the global business paradigm shift that increasingly emphasizes social and environmental responsibility while also exploring the challenges organizations face in managing the complex relationship between organizational resilience, community trust, and financial support. It involves identifying problems and complexities in maintaining a balance between these three aspects. The article from this study uses quantitative methods with the help of data analysis by SPSS, with the object of research being Islamic boarding schools and with the number of respondents who filled out questionnaires totaling 57 respondents from Islamic boarding school owners in Karawang. The results of the study aim to look for the influence and significance between variables. From the results and discussions above, community trust has a significant effect on sustainability, financial support has a significant effect on sustainability, and together there is a positive influence. Organizational resilience is significantly impacted by community trust, while organizational resilience is not significantly impacted by financial support. However, community trust factors, financial support, and organizational resilience all have a positive relationship. The limitation in the results of this article relates to existing variables that are present in this article. It provides an explanation of the benefits, good effects, and implications of the research results. The authenticity of the results of this study is related to the relationship between variables and objects of research.

The sea highway program is part of the fourth pillar, namely the pillars of the maritime economy, infrastructure and increasing welfare, one of the seven pillars of Indonesia's Maritime Policy (KKI). The aim of the Sea Highway Program is to grow the maritime economy by turning the sea into a production and marketi ng center between the Indonesian territory and the islands and surrounding areas. This study aims to analyze the decision of maritime highway routes in Eastern Indonesia Region (KTI) in order to provide the best route with a minimum distance. Four shipping highway routes from Surabaya to Eastern Indonesia Region, namely route T-13 (Tanjung Perak-Rote (Ndao)-Sabu (Biu)-Tanjung Perak), T-14 (Tanjung Perak-Lembata (Lewoleba)-Tabilota/Larantuka- Tanjung Perak), T-15 (Cape Perak-Makassar (Soekarno Hatta)-Jailolo-Morotai (Daruba)-Tanjung Perak), and T-18 (Tanjung Perak-Badas-Bima-Merauke (Kelapa Lima)-Tanjung Perak) combined into 1 (one) route from Tanjung Perak to Merauke, resulting in 1 (one) optimal route with the minimum distance obtained from the smallest value at each stage . This study uses quantitative methods and Multistage Graph problem-solving techniques with Dynamic Programming backward or bottom-up methods, and primary data collection through interviews and secondary data such as: documents/journals/books. The selected optimal route is (Tanjung Perak-Makassar-Tabilota/Larantuka-Sabu (Biu)-Merauke (Kelapa Lima)) with a distance from Tanjung Perak to Makassar is 437 Nm. Makassar to Tabilota/Larantuka is 340 Nm. Tabilota/Larantuka to Sabu (Biu) is 163.8 Nm. Sabu (Biu) to Merauke (Kelapa Lima) is 1261.24 Nm. So that the total shipping distance from Tanjung Perak to Merauke is 2202.04 Nm.

Abstract: This study aims to evaluate the implementation of self-isolation in local government isolation facilities based on the perception of Covid-19 in Pekanbaru City. This research combines quantitative and qualitative research methods with sequential explanatory research. The quantitative method uses online surveys while the qualitative method uses documentation studies, in-depth interviews, and observations. Analysis of quantitative data was carried out using descriptive statistical analysis in the form of frequency tables and graphs. Qualitative analysis was carried out through data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion. Qualitative analysis is intended to explain the results of quantitative analysis. The results of the study found that there are infrastructures of local government isolation facilities that still need to be improved, namely: entertainment and internet facilities, sports and waste management, and infectious waste. Most of the respondents assessed that the service at the local government isolation facilities was very good (62.71%) but the fulfillment of patient needs for data and internet was 42.37%) and entertainment (66.10%) was still not good. Implementation of self-isolation at the local government facilities is influenced by community participation and compliance, enforcement of sanctions, financial support, availability of facilities, data, and information, and coordination between relevant stakeholders. Based on these findings, this study recommends several things, including improvement of infrastructure in the local government self-isolation facilities, the availability of government support for self-isolation patients, both financial and non-financial, strengthening coordination between the COVID-19 Task Force, and improving the quality of data and information.

Regional cluster development plays a key role in increasing economic competitiveness and sustainability. This article analyzes international experience in financial and instrumental support for sustainable cluster development, with a focus on adapting best practices to the Moldovan context. In developed countries, regional competitiveness has been strengthened through strong clusters: Finland and Sweden have built their success around the pulp and paper industries, Germany has created synergies in the mechanical and automotive sectors, and Italy has developed flexible clusters in the fashion, leather and furniture sectors. The US and Denmark also provide examples of how regional potential can be used and companies integrated in a form of territorial collaboration. These models demonstrate how financial support and the implementation of effective tools can stimulate regional growth and innovation. The research methods used include qualitative and quantitative research methods, as well as comparative literature review on cluster development at international level, statistical analysis and assessment of financial and sustainability strategies. Particular attention is given to public-private partnerships and their role in financing green modernization measures and cluster development.

The purpose of this study is to establish the relationship between ethics and procurement performance of humanitarian organizations in Kenya. The study draws on data from 70 humanitarian organizations and makes use of multiple regression models to deduce the relationship. Findings show that humanitarian organizations in Kenya follow procurement ethics code. Further work is needed to examine the relationship between ethics and procurement performance of humanitarian organizations in Africa as this would give a wide range of conclusions and recommendations. Future studies could relate the independent variables used in this study to cost reduction strategy instead of agility strategy addressed herein. The results indicate that ethics is shaping up today’s humanitarian picture by ensuring that donors and other interested parties have confidence in supporting the humanitarian cause. This is the first paper to systematically analyze relationship between ethics and procurement performance of humanitarian organizations in Kenya.

There is an increasing amount of information posted on Web, especially on social media during real world events. Likewise, there is a vast amount of information and opinions posted about humanitarian issues on social media. Mining such data can provide timely knowledge to inform disaster resource allocation for who needs what and where as well as policies for humanitarian causes. However, information overload is a key challenge in leveraging this big data resource for organizations. We present an interactive user-feedback based streaming analytics system `CitizenHelper-Adaptive' to mine social media, news, and other public Web data streams for emergency services and humanitarian organizations. The system aims to collect, organize, and visualize the vast amounts of data across various user and content-based information attributes using the adaptive machine learning models, such as intent classification models to continuously identify requests for help or offers of help during disasters. This demonstration shows the first application of transfer-active learning methods for time-critical events, when there is an availability of abundant labeled data from past events but a scarcity of the sufficient labeled data for the ongoing event. The proposed system provides a user interface to solicit expert feedback on the predicted instances from pretrained models and actively learns to improve the models for efficient information processing and organization. Finally, the system regularly updates the predicted information categories in the visualization dashboard. We will demo CitizenHelper-Adaptive system for case studies in both mass emergency events and humanitarian related topics such as gender violence using datasets of more than 50 million Twitter messages and news streams collected between 2016 and 2018.

: This study aims to investigate the effect of the implementation of international maritime law and the quality of ship crews on the prevention of coastal environmental pollution with ship safety as a mediating variable in the Bintan Island area. With a focus on the issues of the implementation of maritime regulations that are not yet optimal and the variability of the quality of ship crews, this study uses a quantitative descriptive method approach with a sample of 160 ship crews in Bintan Island. The standard theory in takingThe samples used in this study were obtained using the Nonprobability Sampling technique with Saturated Sampling. Data were collected through a questionnaire that measured the variables of the application of international maritime law, the quality of the ship's crew, ship safety, and prevention of coastal environmental pollution. Data analysis was carried out using Structural Equation Modeling Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) to evaluate the relationship between variables. The results of the study indicate that the application of international maritime law has a significant effect on ship safety and prevention of coastal environmental pollution. In addition, the quality of the ship's crew also affects ship safety and pollution prevention efforts. Ship safety has been shown to play a significant role as a mediator in the relationship between the application of international maritime law andquality of ship crews with prevention of coastal environmental pollution. The discussion of these findings indicates that increasing the implementation of international maritime law and improving the quality of ship crews can improve ship safety and reduce environmental pollution. Ship safety plays a crucial role in mediating this relationship. This study concludes that stricter policies and effective training for ship crews will contribute to the protection of the coastal environment in Bintan Island. The implications of these results emphasize the importance of implementing better maritime policies and improving the competence of ship crews to achieve optimal results in preventing coastal environmental pollution.

When the Canadian Red Cross (CRCS) was created in 1896 as the first colonial branch of the British Red Cross, it held closely to the Red Cross Movement’s founding vision of inactivity in peacetime. While other national Red Cross societies expanded beyond the provisions of the Geneva Conventions, the CRCS did not – and, as a result, failed to thrive. This chapter will examine the role of the First World War in transforming the CRCS into a nationwide patriotic and humanitarian cause, its wartime work fuelled by British imperialism and an emerging sense of English-Canadian nationalism born of the war. The CRCS’s evolution between 1914 and 1919 therefore offers a useful case study of how intersecting national, imperial and transnational forces shaped the evolution of one humanitarian organisation.

The communities in mangrove ecosystem all around the world mostly have been undergoing the common condition as to environmental degradation that happens to their ecosystems. Community as a unit of people in specific boundary at least explains about the long way adaptation process of local dwellers in facing the local environmental changing. Those serial and repeating process afford indigenous knowledge as to how to survive, how their ecosystem to be as the present condition as well as how their ecosystem suppose to be. Their adaptation efforts should be given a special place to develop local economy based environment conservation, and those experiences can be an insertion for global development which has similar circumstances that local dwellers ought to be given a place to reveal their capacities to develop their self-ecosystem. Regarding to the considerations, this research was aimed to find the indigenous knowledge of Ujung Alang Village dwellers and social economic barriers related to the mangrove forest in fostering local green economy.The basic method of this research was analytical description. This research was carried out in Ujung Alang Village, Kampung Laut Sub-district, Cilacap District, Central Java Province, Indonesia that included in Segara Anakan Lagoon territory by involving 42 local dwellers as respondents that were taken randomly, and 6 dwellers as informants that were taken purposely. Ujung Alang Village settles in mangrove forest ecosystem of Segara Anakan Lagoon which has been undergoing environmental degradation. Data were collected through interview, observation and recording. Data about local indigenous knowledge were analyzed by using qualitative method, and data about social economic barriers were analyzed by using quantitative method as Cochrant-Q Test and Chi Square which were supported by using qualitative method.The research findings show that Ujung Alang dwellers obviously have knowledge about kinds of mangrove and its characteristics as well as have capacity as to the method in growing the mangrove crops based on each species characteristic nevertheless it is not yet applied and optimized well, and it is so much bad for the sustainability of their livelihood and environment which have strong interdependency each other that obviously conduces the diminishing of their incomes and waters landscape. Although their intensities in mangrove deforestation tend to decrease, yet they have been doing the deforestation in order to accomplish their needs of firewood and building material otherwise their needs of mangrove conversion to be brackish water ponds and woods trading have not been the prominent consideration at the present. The social economic barriers which hamper the involvement of the dwellers in replanting the mangrove crops are government support, financial support, dweller‟s spare time, local organization, empowerment program and supporting social system. The most hampering (weighting) factor to the dwellers in replanting the mangrove crops is financial support. Key words: indigenous knowledge, mangrove deforestation, green economy and replanting

The communities in mangrove ecosystem all around the world mostly have been undergoing the common condition as to environmental degradation that happens to their ecosystems. Community as a unit of people in specific boundary at least explains about the long way adaptation process of local dwellers in facing the local environmental changing. Those serial and repeating process afford indigenous knowledge as to how to survive, how their ecosystem to be as the present condition as well as how their ecosystem suppose to be. Their adaptation efforts should be given a special place to develop local economy based environment conservation, and those experiences can be an insertion for global development which has similar circumstances that local dwellers ought to be given a place to reveal their capacities to develop their self-ecosystem. Regarding to the considerations, this research was aimed to find the indigenous knowledge of Ujung Alang Village dwellers and social economic barriers related to the mangrove forest in fostering local green economy.The basic method of this research was analytical description. This research was carried out in Ujung Alang Village, Kampung Laut Sub-district, Cilacap District, Central Java Province, Indonesia that included in Segara Anakan Lagoon territory by involving 42 local dwellers as respondents that were taken randomly, and 6 dwellers as informants that were taken purposely. Ujung Alang Village settles in mangrove forest ecosystem of Segara Anakan Lagoon which has been undergoing environmental degradation. Data were collected through interview, observation and recording. Data about local indigenous knowledge were analyzed by using qualitative method, and data about social economic barriers were analyzed by using quantitative method as Cochrant-Q Test and Chi Square which were supported by using qualitative method.The research findings show that Ujung Alang dwellers obviously have knowledge about kinds of mangrove and its characteristics as well as have capacity as to the method in growing the mangrove crops based on each species characteristic nevertheless it is not yet applied and optimized well, and it is so much bad for the sustainability of their livelihood and environment which have strong interdependency each other that obviously conduces the diminishing of their incomes and waters landscape. Although their intensities in mangrove deforestation tend to decrease, yet they have been doing the deforestation in order to accomplish their needs of firewood and building material otherwise their needs of mangrove conversion to be brackish water ponds and woods trading have not been the prominent consideration at the present. The social economic barriers which hamper the involvement of the dwellers in replanting the mangrove crops are government support, financial support, dweller‟s spare time, local organization, empowerment program and supporting social system. The most hampering (weighting) factor to the dwellers in replanting the mangrove crops is financial support. Key words: indigenous knowledge, mangrove deforestation, green economy and replanting

This study aims to accelerate and improve the accreditation status of Tourism Higher Education (THE). The research method uses quantitative methods. There were 92 respondents from 23 THE by saturated sampling techniques. The instrument used is a Questionnaire with a Likert scale of 1 to 7. The analysis method using SEM-PLS with Smart PLS 3.0 as a quantitative method and complemented by a Forum Group Discussion as a qualitative method to gain a more comprehensive perspective result. The results showed that the Top Management of THE must give challenging goals and targets to all lecturers so there are no asymmetric goals and targets. The common goal and targets start from publication in reputable international journals by lecturers with financial support and monitoring by the top management. Those lecturers who received top management support enabled lecturers to achieve position levels from expert assistants to head lectors (Associate professors). These achievements accelerate the chance of attaining THE accreditation status from the better to the best or superior. This research significantly contributes to the body of knowledge as lecturers are induced to have innovative Behavior. On the other hand, the management of institutions should adopt Goal-oriented, Inspiring Interaction rooted in goal-setting theory.

In the final years of the Napoleonic Wars, Napoleon allowed English smugglers entry into the French ports of Dunkirk and Gravelines, encouraging them to run contraband back and forth across the Channel. Gravelines catered for up to 300 English smugglers, housed in a specially constructed compound known as the ‘city of smugglers’. Napoleon used the smugglers in the war against Britain. The smugglers arrived on the French coast with escaped French prisoners of war, gold guineas, and English newspapers; and returned to England laden with French textiles, brandy, and gin. Smuggling remains a neglected historical subject, and this episode in particular – the relationship between English smugglers and the Napoleonic state between 1810 and 1814 – has attracted little scholarly interest. Yet it provides a rich historical source, illuminating not only the history of Anglo-French Channel smuggling during the early nineteenth century, but offering insights into the economic, social, and maritime history of the Napoleonic Wars.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the impact and success of a business incubation project on its participants. The study aims to consider the impact of the project in terms of developing and supporting entrepreneurial activity within Wales. It seeks to build on and enhance existing business incubation literature and contribute to the field by identifying “good” practice and considers the measurement of success within such projects.Design/methodology/approachThis study employs an individual case study methodology which evaluates all aspects of the Graduate Teleworking Initiative (GTi) project. A range of qualitative and quantitative methods is utilised to capture the views of aspiring entrepreneurs. In addition the progress of entrepreneurs is compared with “distance travelled” methodologies developed by other EU programmes, using the experiences of GTi businesses as individual case histories. In addition, this paper looks at additional ways to measure the success of this type of project, based on a study of the current academic literature and work currently being undertaken with funding agencies in Wales in respect of economic regeneration. The case study method is recognised as the most effective research strategy to capture the “rich” experience of complex projects.FindingsThe study finds that, if incubation facilities are to receive continuing support, the measurement of success needs to be broader than a set of statistical outputs. The academic literature queries whether business incubation works, and invites us to decide if the end result is of value or not. This paper considers additional ways to measure the success of this type of project. Applications for public funding in support of business incubators as part of an overall economic regeneration strategy should be able to provide a wider evaluation of effectiveness, and this paper seeks to develop a model to this purpose, to assist the ongoing development of incubator facilities in Wales.Practical implicationsThis study will be of interest to business incubation providers and entrepreneurial researchers in identifying valid and achievable success measures and should inform developments in this field.Originality/valueThe paper provides a unique insight into a successful business incubation project and identifies the key to its on going success. Furthermore, the study identifies generic measures of success for a typical business incubation project based on the GTi experience and a detailed investigation of alternative business incubators.