Life span of peripheral intravenous cannula in a neonatal intensive care unit of a developing country

Abstract

The use of peripheral intravenous cannulas (IVCs) in the care of sick newborns is a common practice. IVCs, priced five times higher than conventional steel needles, can be more cost effective if insight is available on the variables affecting their life span in situ. The present report summarizes the efforts made to ascertain these factors in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of a developing country. A total of 186 peripheral IVCs (24-gauge teflon) were used in 78 newborns amounting to 7,583 hours of IV therapy (mean, 40.8 hr per cannula; range, 1–136 hr). Of these, 25 cannulas were removed selectively and 84, 50, 17, and 10 were removed for swelling, dislodgement/leakage, blockage, and local erythema, respectively. The median survival time of IVC as expressed by Kaplan-Meir survival analysis was 40 hours (SE, 2.49; 95% confidence interval, 35.12–44.88). Birth weight, gestation, application of splint, fluid and glucose infusion rate, site of cannulation, and administration of ampicillin, gentamicin, amikacin, vancomycin, phenobarbitone, blood products, or calcium gluconate did not influence the median life span of IVCs. Children receiving cefotaxime had a significantly lower median survival time as compared with those not receiving it (36 vs 47 hours, p = .007). Median survival time of IVCs in our set-up was comparable with those in developed countries and was not governed by the cannula or patient variables. Cefotaxime use led to decreased survival of IVCs; though this effect appeared to be related to the mode of administration rather than to the drug per se.