Library Promotion Through Social Media to Increase Library Visibility

Navigating Social Media in #Ophthalmology

Youth Social Media Use and Health Outcomes: #diggingdeeper

Cooperative Mentorship: Negotiating Social Media Use within the Family

Social media use in the United States has been steadily increasing over the past decade as various social media platforms have become the primary channel of online engagement for the American internet user. Today, Americans use social media to communicate with friends, family, and peers, access entertainment and education, engage in various business and commercial activities, and influence the lifestyles of consumers. As the spectrum of purposeful use of social media diversifies, this paper examines geographic patterns of social media adoption, diffusion, and utilization in U.S. counties. Alongside, the paper also examines demographic and socioeconomic determinants of purposeful social media utilization. Overall, the study sheds light on an important aspect of the contemporary digital divide in the United States.To examine purposeful social network and media use, the paper focuses on penetration of popular social media/networking platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, Instagram, and YouTube in U.S. counties. The purpose of use of such platforms – to engage in e-communication, e-commerce, e-entertainment, e-health, and e-education are also examined through the dual lenses of geographic and socioeconomic variations. By borrowing from Adoption-Diffusion Theory (ADT) and Spatially Aware Technology Utilization Model (SATUM), the paper’s conceptual framework posits associations of 18 independent variables with 17 indicators of social media penetration and purposeful usage. Spatial patterns and disparities of social media penetration and purposeful use are analyzed and provide important clues about the geography of the social media digital divide. For example, social media penetration and purposeful use in counties in the U.S. rural south are found to rival counties in the Rocky Mountain States and in some cases exceed counties in urban metropolitan areas in the West- and East Coasts. The presence of spatial bias in social media penetration and use is also diagnosed using spatial autocorrelation analysis. This in turn influences the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression-based analysis of socioeconomic, infrastructural, and social capital underpinnings. For a sample of 3,076 counties in the lower 48 states, leading determinants of purposeful social media use are found to be age structure, urbanization, race/ethnicity and professional, scientific, technical services and overall service sector occupations are found to influence social network access and purposeful use. These findings have important policy implications to broaden the reach and impacts of social media in the U.S.Overall, as the digital divide literature expands its focus from access to information and communication technologies (ICTs) to their actual use and ultimate impact, this study is unique due to its focus on purposeful use of social media. Sourcing data from a variety of public- and private sources, the study focuses on social media usage as well as access and sheds light on county-level disparities and their socioeconomic underpinnings. As purposeful internet use continues to diversify, the findings of this study can inform social media adoption, diffusion, and use policies in light of the COVID-19 pandemic to ensure that all Americans can participate and engage in online activities and derive benefits in an equitable way.

Ethical standards for cardiothoracic surgeons' participation in social media

4.8 Psychoeducation: All About TikTok, Snapchat, and Instagram, and How Psychiatrists Leverage Social Media for Public Health

Social Media is the new avenue for creating connections and sharing of information. Through social media, one can reach a global community. In recent years, we have seen how social media has changed the way we do things. Social Media has been extensively utilized for health education and promotion, proving itself to be an invaluable tool for public health, professional networking and patient care benefit.
 
 The challenge has been to use the power afforded by social media responsibly, and to define the line between use and abuse. While there may be laws, implementation proves to be a challenge in the digital age. Therefore, self-regulation and institutional policy remain a critical part. It is therefore urged that hospitals and health care facilities adopt their own social media use policy appropriate for the institution.
 
 Below are proposed rules that could guide institutions in developing their own policy for social media use:
 
 Sec. 1. Declaration of Policy. The health facility recognizes that the exercise of the freedom of expression comes with a responsibility and a duty to respect the rights of others. The health facility likewise acknowledges the fundamental right to privacy of every individual. This policy shall provide rules for responsible social media use.
 
 Sec. 2. Definition. For purposes of this policy, the following definitions shall be used:
 
 Social Media refers to electronic communication, websites or applications through which users connect, interact or share information or other content with other individuals, collectively part of an online community. This includes Facebook, Twitter, Google+, Instagram, LinkedIn, Pinterest, Blogs, Social Networking sites.
 Health facility shall refer to the hospital or other health care facilities, including training and educational institutions.
 Individual shall refer to physicians, employees, other health facility staff, residents, or students to which this policy would apply
 
 
 Sec. 3. Applicability. This policy shall apply to all physicians, health professionals, employees and other health facility staff, including students or residents in training, practicing their profession, working, or fulfilling academic and clinical requirements within the health facility, whether temporary or permanent.
 
 Sec. 4. General Principles. Social media use shall be guided by the following principles:
 
 In using social media, an individual should always be mindful of his or her duties to the patient and community, his profession and his colleagues.
 The individual should always be conscious of his or her online image and how it impacts his or her profession, or the institution where he or she is professionally employed, affiliated or otherwise connected.
 Responsible social media use also requires the individual to ensure that in his or her social media activity, there is no law violated, including copyright, libel and cybercrime laws. At all times, the individual shall respect the right of privacy of others.
 Use of social media requires a personal commitment to uphold the ethical standards required of those providing health services, upon which patient trust is built.
 
 
 Sec. 5. Social Media for Health Education or Promotion
 a.The individual using social media for health education or promotion must be well-informed of the matter subject of the social media post, comment or other activity. The individual shall refrain from any activity which spreads or tends to spread misinformation.
 
 An article written by an individual and posted in social media must be evidence-based and disclose connections with pharmaceutical or health product companies or other sources of possible conflict of interest.
 
 c.Social media shall not be used to dispense specific medical diagnosis, advice, treatment or projection but shall consist of general opinions only. Use of social media should include statements that a person should not rely on the advice given online, and that medical concerns are best addressed in the appropriate setting.
 
 The individual shall be careful in posting or publishing his or her opinion and shall ensure that such opinion will not propagate misinformation or constitute a misrepresentation. The individual shall not make any misrepresentations in his or her social media activity relating to content, his or her employment or credentials, and any other information that may be misconstrued or taken out of context.
 
 
 
 Sec. 6. Professionalism in Social Media Use
 
 Individuals are discouraged from using a single account for both professional and private use. Be mindful that an electronic mail address used professionally may readily be linked to a social media site used privately.
 The individual shall conduct himself or herself in social media or online the same way that he would in the public, mindful of acting in a manner befitting his profession, or that would inspire trust in the service he or she provides, especially if the individual has not separated his or her professional and personal accounts in social media.
 The individual shall likewise refrain from using the name, logo or other symbol of an institution without prior authority in his or her social media activity. An individual shall not identify himself or herself as a representative of an institution in social media without being authorized to do so.
 Individuals shall not accept former or current patients as friends or contacts in their personal accounts, unless there is justification to do so, such as a pre-existing relationship or when unavoidable for patient care. In case of online interaction with patients, this should be limited to matters related to the patient’s treatment and management, and which could be properly disclosed.
 Informal and personal information concerning a patient, colleague or the health facility shall not be posted, shared or otherwise used in social media.
 Social media shall not be used to establish inappropriate relationships with patients or colleagues, and shall not be used to obtain information that would negatively impact on the provision of services and professional management of the patient.
 An individual shall refrain from posting, sharing or otherwise using photos or videos taken within the health facility, which would give the impression of unprofessionalism, show parts of the health facility where there is an expectation of privacy, or those which includes colleagues, employees, other health facility staff, or patients without their express consent. The consent requirement shall apply even if the other individuals included are not readily identifiable.
 
 
 Sec. 7. Responsible Social Media Activity
 
 In using social media, the individual shall respect the dignity, personality, privacy and peace of mind of another.
 The individual shall not post, share or otherwise use social media with the intent of damaging the reputation of any other individual or institution, especially if the subject is identified or identifiable.
 
 c.Derogatory comments about patients, colleagues, employers and institutions or companies should be avoided. An individual may “like” a defamatory post but he or she must use caution when sharing, retweeting or contributing anything that might be construed as a new defamatory statement. A post, comment or other social media activity is considered defamatory if:
 1) The activity imputes a discreditable act or condition to another;
 
 2) The activity is viewed or seen by any other person;
 3) The person or institution defamed is identified or readily identifiable;
 4) There is malice or intent to damage the reputation of another.
 
 He or she shall be careful of sharing posts or other contents that are unverified, particularly if it discredits another person or institution, or imputes the commission of a crime or violation of law even before trial and judgment, and violates the privacy of another. Fair and true reporting on matters of public concern shall be allowed provided that the content was obtained lawfully and with due respect for the right of privacy.
 An individual shall not use copyrighted materials other than for fair use where there is proper citation of source and author. Use of copyrighted material for purpose of criticism, comment, news, reporting, teaching, scholarship, research, and similar purposes is compatible with fair use.
 An individual is prohibited from:
 
 1) Social media activities that defame, harass, stalk, or bully another person or institution.
 2) The use or access of personal social media accounts of others without authority.
 3) Posting, sharing or otherwise using any information intended to be private or obtained through access to electronic data messages or documents.
 4) Posting, sharing or otherwise using recorded conversations between doctors, individuals or patients, when such recording, whether audio or video, was obtained without consent of all the parties to the conversation
 
 Individuals should use conservative privacy settings in their social media account used professionally. The individual should also practice due diligence in keeping their social media accounts safe such as through regular password change and logging out after social media use.
 
 
 Sec. 8. Health Information Privacy
 
 The individual shall respect the right to privacy of others and shall not collect, use, access or disclose information, pictures and other personal or sensitive information without obtaining consent from the individual concerned. Physicians,

#trial: clinical research in the age of social media

Today's rapidly growing use of social media has both positive and negative impacts on people's social lives. Moreover, based on UNESCO data, Indonesian people are very active in using social media. This research aims to The use of social media as a learning medium aims to increase students' interest in learning, improve students' ability to use technology and increase students' awareness in using social media in the context of education. The method used in this research is a quantitative method using a survey model and in-depth interviews with one teacher and students. The results of this study show that social media can be used for learning tools or media. However, in reality, currently there is no maximum use of social networking media. The results of researchers' observations by looking at the growing phenomenon, that the use of social networking media is currently mostly only used by students to be limited to sending messages with friends, playing games (games), and buying goods online. The use of social networking media is currently still not utilized as a learning medium by students. The conclusion of this research is that media in the learning process is an inseparable part of the teaching and learning process in order to achieve an educational goal in general and learning objectives. Strategies to be able to find learning media. The right and appropriate in the learning process can be done by making considerations in the selection of social media. Therefore, the limitation of this study is that researchers only conducted research on the role of the Discovery Learning strategy in Islamic cultural history lessons, researchers hope that future researchers can conduct research on the Discovery Learning strategy by developing this strategy in other subjects.

Background:Today, social media platforms are more popular than ever in Saudi Arabia. Despite the influence of social media on patients’ decisions to undergo cosmetic surgery, it is still unclear how social media platforms affect the private practice of plastic surgeons around Saudi Arabia. This study aimed to assess Saudi plastic surgeons’ use of social media and its impact on their practices.Methods:The study was based on a self-administered questionnaire that was built on previous literature and distributed to practicing Saudi plastic surgeons. A survey consisting of 12 items was conducted to assess patterns of social media use and its impact on plastic surgery practice.Results:This study included 61 participants. Thirty-four surgeons (55.7%) were using social media platforms in their practice. The use of social media was significantly different among surgeons with different levels of practice in cosmetic surgery (P = 0.004) and reconstructive surgery (P = 0.049). Social media presence was significantly more prevalent among surgeons in private practice (70.6%, P = 0.034). The use of social media in plastic surgery is overall positive for the field (60.7%).Conclusions:Despite plastic surgeons’ differing views on social media, its role within the field of plastic surgery is evidently on the rise. The use of social media is not equal across all practice types. Surgeons practicing in private hospitals and specializing in aesthetic surgery are more likely to view social media favorably and use it in their practice.

Guidance for Professional Use of Social Media in Nutrition and Dietetics Practice

The COVID-19 pandemic is expected to have long-term effects on mental health with implications at a population health level. While limiting the transmission of the virus, lockdown measures subject individuals to significant psychological distress and interpersonal isolation, which may increase risk for depression, a chronic and disabling disease associated with tremendous societal, individual, and economic costs (e.g., workplace productivity loss, unemployment, work absence, and long-term disability).1 In addition to the elevated risk of depression and loneliness attributable to frequent and prolonged social media (SM) use outside the context of epidemics, frequent exposure to fearful and exaggerated information through SM can exacerbate psychological and emotional distress.2, 3 We investigated the impact of SM use and psychological and emotional distress on depression in 3064 adults in Mainland China. A national convenience sample of 2574 health-care workers and 490 non-medical workers in China was surveyed cross-sectionally by telephone or WeChat between 29 January and 11 February 2020. Our study participants consisted of physicians (n = 783), nurses (n = 1587), and other medical staff (n = 204) employed in health-care settings providing direct care for patients in hospitals, as well as 490 adults not employed in a health-care setting (Table S1). The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board at Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University (No. WDRY2020-K004). Detailed methods and results are available in the Supplementary Information. We assessed the effect of SM use and psychological and emotional distress (according to the Hyperarousal, Intrusion, and Avoidance subscales of the 22-item Impact of Event Scale – Revised [IES-R]) on depressive symptom severity (according to the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire [PHQ-9]). Greater IES-R and PHQ-9 scores indicate greater severity. Participants were asked about their use of SM to obtain information about COVID-19. We analyzed PHQ-9 score as a continuous outcome variable using generalized linear models with a negative binomial distribution and as a dichotomous outcome variable using binomial logistic regression models (reported in Supplementary Information). We evaluated the synergistic effect of prolonged SM use to obtain information about COVID-19 and psychological and emotional distress as a result of the epidemic on the risk for depression in Mainland China. We evaluated whether the odds of depressive symptoms with more prolonged SM use and greater psychological and emotional distress were significantly greater than the sum of the odds of depressive symptoms with more prolonged SM use alone and with greater distress alone. We calculated a synergy index and relative excess risk due to interaction to model interaction effects, with adjustments for age, sex, educational attainment, marital status, living arrangements, and health-care/non-health-care-worker status separately for each IES-R subscale.4, 5. The mean (standard error) PHQ-9 score among study participants was 5.2 (0.1), denoting the presence of clinically significant depressive symptoms. Approximately 18.1% (n = 554) of all participants reported spending less than 1 h per day on an SM platform in the past week, 41.6% (n = 1306) reported spending 1–2 h per day, 22.5% (n = 689) reported spending 3–4 h per day, and 16.8% (n = 515) reported spending more than 5 h per day on an SM platform. Greater time spent on SM predicted greater depressive symptom severity (Fig. S1). IES-R Intrusion and Hyperarousal subscale scores significantly predicted PHQ-9 scores, while the Avoidance subscale scores did not (Table S1). Individuals reporting both prolonged SM use (i.e. ≥3 h per day) and significant symptoms of distress, particularly hyperarousal, had significantly higher odds of having depressive symptoms or probable depression relative to individuals with either factor alone (Fig. 1). That is, the odds of depression with prolonged SM use and significant hyperarousal symptoms were significantly greater than the sum of the odds of depression with prolonged SM use (in the absence of significant hyperarousal) and hyperarousal (with reduced SM use), as instantiated by a positive synergistic effect (Table S2). SM networks can be used to provide reassurance, increase public awareness about effective ways to reduce risk of infection, and communicate practical information to curb public panic and reduce the mental health burden of public health crises.6 However, SM use is also associated with elevated risk for depression: greater symptoms of depression and loneliness are observed in young adults who use SM extensively.7, 8 Moreover, during public health crises, SM can aggravate public fear and panic: for example, SM networks have been implicated in the spread of false information and amplification of risk and harm during the 2014 Ebola outbreak.9 There is an urgent and unmet need to address the impact of COVID-19 on the mental health of affected individuals. Data are available on request from the authors. We would like to thank the participants from Wuhan and across Mainland China for their generosity with their time and completing the survey. We would like to thank the medical staff who work directly with patients infected with SARS-Cov-2 for their courage and commitment during this difficult period. This work was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2018YFC1314600 to Dr Z. Liu). R.S.M. has received research grant support from the Stanley Medical Research Institute, CIHR/GACD/Chinese National Natural Research Foundation; speaker/consultation fees from Lundbeck, Janssen, Shire, Purdue, Pfizer, Otsuka, Allergan, Takeda, Neurocrine, Sunovion, and Minerva. All other authors declare no competing interests. Appendix S1 Supplementary information. Figure S1 Mean 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) scores are significantly higher among individuals with more prolonged social media use. Marginal means reported after adjustment for age, sex, educational attainment, marital status, living arrangement, and health-care/non-health-care-worker status. Table S1 Demographics and summary of model effects on depressive symptom severity (according to the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire [PHQ-9] total score as a continuous variable). Table S2 Predictors of depressive symptoms. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.

Observational study. The objectives of this study are (1) to quantify social media use among active American Cervical Spine Research Society (CSRS) members; (2) to determine if there is an association between practice setting, region, or years of active membership and social media use. Many patients now seek health and physician information online, including on social media. Indeed, social media use by orthopedic surgeons has been shown to be associated with more and improved ratings on physician review websites. Further, social media can provide a means for improved doctor-patient relationships, educational endeavors, and professional networking. However, there is a paucity of literature examining social media use among spine surgeons. In January 2019, the CSRS membership directory was used to identify all active American spine surgeon members. Through a Google search, social media use of each spine surgeon on the following platforms was identified: provider page/official website; Facebook; Twitter; Instagram; LinkedIn; and YouTube. In addition, surgeon characteristics were recorded. The percentage of spine surgeons using each social media platform was reported. Bivariate analysis was used to compare social media use by practice setting, region, and years of active CSRS membership. Nearly all spine surgeons have a provider page/official website (98%) and over half (56%) have a LinkedIn presence. Less than one third of spine surgeons are on any of the remaining social media platforms analyzed. The least frequently used social media platform was Instagram (3.2%). There was no difference in any social media platform use by practice setting, region, and years of active CSRS membership. As social media becomes even more common place and the role of it in medical care continues to be better defined, there is notable room for increased social media use among active American members of the CSRS. Level IV-observational study.

Social media use, community participation and psychological well-being among individuals with serious mental illnesses

This study delves into the profound impact of social media on body image perceptions and overall dissatisfaction among young adults at Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad. In today's digital age, social media pervades the lives of young people, shaping their self-perceptions and influencing their social interactions. This research aims to understand how the constant exposure to curated and often idealized images on social media platforms contributes to the development of unrealistic body standards, fostering feelings of inadequacy and pressure to conform to societal beauty ideals. Employing a quantitative research approach, the study focused on a sample of 200 undergraduate and postgraduate students aged 18 to 30 years. Data collection utilized systematic sampling techniques and involved the administration of questionnaires via Google Forms. The study drew upon Social Comparison Theory to understand how individuals evaluate their own appearance by comparing themselves to the seemingly flawless images and physiques presented on social media platforms. Data analysis was conducted using IBM SPSS Statistics. The findings revealed a significant correlation between social media usage and body image dissatisfaction among young adults. Frequent comparisons with idealized images of influencers and celebrities on social media platforms were found to be a major contributor to negative body image perceptions, leading to a range of negative emotional and psychological outcomes, including anxiety, depression, and low self-esteem. These findings underscore the urgent need for interventions that address the detrimental effects of social media on young adults' mental health. 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