Abstract
As a global initiative within the framework of the United Nations Environment Programme framework, the Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity emphasises the importance of applying a systematic approach to the assessment of Natural Resources and the need to introduce new forms of economic growth to the sustainable development of enterprises. Existing management practices of agricultural enterprises, such as monoculture, create a constant monotonous load on the soil and lead to a decrease in humus content, contribute to erosion, but remain highly profitable. Changing the forms of economic growth in favour of introducing sustainable practices such as organic production, sustainable intensification, and eco-production requires appropriate sources of financing, a high level of environmental awareness, and comprehensive methods for assessing environmental and economic factors. The purpose of the study is to substantiate a methodological approach to a comprehensive assessment of the ecological and economic diversification of an enterprise based on the principles of sustainable development, which allows taking into account the level of diversity of cultivated crops in relation to the structure of marketable products. To achieve this goal, statistical information on the activities of agricultural enterprises in the Kharkivska Oblast was used, as well as monographic, graphical and statistical methods of research. Data analysis and processing were performed using specialised software: Microsoft Excel and Statistica 10. The study presents the developed and tested coefficient of ecological and economic diversification, which allows assessing the level of agrobiodiversity of sown areas and marketable products of agricultural enterprises based on the management results for 2019. The coefficient is based on information theory in the context of applying the Shannon-Weaver index. As a result of the search for the relationship between the coefficient of ecological and economic diversification and profit per 1 hectare, the statement about the gradual loss of profitability during the growth of the number of types of crops is confirmed. However, there are enterprises that maintain profitability during the expansion of the acreage structure. The practical significance of the findings obtained is allows assessing the possibility of adapting the structure of acreage to market conditions, taking into account environmental and economic factors
Highlights
As the world's population grows, so does the need for more sustainable food and agricultural systems designed to meet human needs while minimising environmental damage and reducing further loss of biodiversity
The purpose of the study is a substantiation of a methodological approach to a comprehensive assessment of the ecological and economic diversification of an enterprise based on the principles of sustainable development, which allows taking into account the level of diversity of cultivated crops in relation to the structure of marketable products
The author suggests taking into account the structure of acreage and marketable products of the enterprise in the coefficient of ecological and economic diversification, which allows assessing the possibility of adapting the structure of areas to market conditions with optimal use of natural resources
Summary
As the world's population grows, so does the need for more sustainable food and agricultural systems designed to meet human needs while minimising environmental damage and reducing further loss of biodiversity. Further intensification and expansion of agricultural land, subject to the application of traditional management practices, can have a detrimental impact on the environment and biodiversity, if the consequences of such an impact are not prevented at the level of effective solutions. One of the directions of implementing aspects of the Sustainable Development Policy in agriculture is to increase the level of diversification of acreage that forms biodiversity-friendly landscapes. In this aspect, the issue of finding a compromise between preserving the environment and using the economic potential of the industry is relevant, the solution of which lies in the plane of innovative circular business models, promising management practices in agriculture, biomimicry, etc. Barriers to sustainable development are the traditional views of most producers on farming practices and the lack of financial resources to invest in sustainability
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