Abstract
Tuberculosis is a contagious infectious disease, caused by Mycobacterium Tuberculosis, transmitted through its release into the air when a sick person coughs, sneezes or talks, so it can be inhaled by another person and infect it, it is necessary for patients to adopt family, work and social distancing to avoid infections, causing a risk of developing different levels of depression, which is detrimental due to its negative influence on decision-making. The frequency of depression in society is high, as is the predisposition of patients diagnosed with Tuberculosis due to the sudden change in their lifestyle, which is why it was proposed to determine the level of depression in tuberculosis patients at health centers from Los Olivos district, this study will also allow to know the most frequent physical and psychological reactions, in addition to the most predominant sex. To obtain the information, the corresponding permits were obtained and the Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9), an international and nationally validated standardized instrument, was applied; the data was processed in the statistical software SPSS 24.0, and the graphics were subsequently extracted; where the following obtained results were reflected: 100% of the participants had some level of depression, the most prevalent being the level of moderate depression with 35.56%, being more present in the female population with 21.11% , it was also shown that 48.9% of patients almost always have little interest or pleasure in doing things.
Highlights
Depression is a common and debilitating mental disorder [1], characterized by a feeling of sadness, loss of interest, guilt, low self-esteem, sleep or appetite disturbances, fatigue and lack of concentration [2], according to a report by the WHO and PAHO, a total of 322 million people who suffer from it, of which 1,443,513 belong to Peru and 9.7% of them have some non-psychiatric illness [3]
The instrument allowed to synthesize as the reader can see in Fig. 3 the information collected, it shows that the level of moderate depression prevailed in patients with 35.56%, followed by severe depression with 26.67%, while 24.44% maintained a mild level of depression and 13.33% had a moderately severe level of depression, with no participants found without a level of depression
The study confirms that patients with Tuberculosis tend to have different degrees or levels of depression, since as a result it was found that 100% of the participants have some level of depression according to the Patient Health Questionnaire 9, which is higher than the results, obtained in Peru from Bonilla [17], who reported that 54.5% of the study population had some level of depression, and higher than that reported in Ethiopia by the Mayston study [18], which the prevalence of probable depression was 54.0%
Summary
Depression is a common and debilitating mental disorder [1], characterized by a feeling of sadness, loss of interest, guilt, low self-esteem, sleep or appetite disturbances, fatigue and lack of concentration [2], according to a report by the WHO and PAHO, a total of 322 million people who suffer from it, of which 1,443,513 belong to Peru and 9.7% of them have some non-psychiatric illness [3]. Tuberculosis is an old disease, it continues to be a public health problem worldwide, causing around 1.7 million deaths and 9 million new cases each year [6,7], and has been shown to be fatal for patients with HIV-AIDS [8], it is known that the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis, according to the WHO, this bacterium would be present in at least a third of the world population [9,10], can lodge in different organs, the cases in which lodges in the lungs [11], these smear-positive patients are highly infectious, since they generate coughs, chants, screams, sneezes, nuclei of drops containing the bacteria [12] that can be inhaled by Healthy people, individual and environmental factors intervene in this process, such as: the person's lifestyle and the ventilation of the environment [13].
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