Abstract
Considering the importance of citriculture for the country, this segment of Brazilian agribusiness faces phytosanitary problems that affect quantity and quality of the fruits, reducing nutritional and market values. Fungi are considered the main cause of fruit losses in the post-harvest, and the main diseases that affect citrus are: blue mold (Penicillium italicum), green mold (P. digitatum) and sour rot (Geotrichum citri-aurantii). Chemical control using Imazalil is the most effective method for controlling molds, however, its excessive and indiscriminate use has led to the proliferation of resistant strains, in addition to the persistence of residues of this fungicide on the fruits. Although the fungicides guazatine and propiconazole control the sour rot, they are only registered in countries in Europe, South Africa and Australia. Our review deals with the use of yeasts as biological control agents as an alternative to chemical control, covering: (i) their main mechanisms of action, such as competition for space and nutrients; (ii) production of siderophores; (iii) biofilm formation; (iv) production of antifungal compounds, hydrolytic enzymes and killer toxin; (v) mycoparasitism; and (vi) resistance induction. In addition, procedures for the development and registration of bioproducts are presented and discussed. KEYWORDS: Geotrichum citri-aurantii, mechanisms of action, Penicillium
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