Abstract
Simple SummaryThere are no data on the effect of the transmembrane protein 154 (TMEM154) E35K variants on susceptibility to small ruminant lentivirus (SRLV) infection in Iranian sheep breeds, and only limited data for German sheep flocks. This study aimed at investigating the association of TMEM154 variants and SRLV infection status in Iranian and German sheep flocks and breeds. Three out of the four analyzed sheep flocks/breeds showed a significant association between TMEM154 variants and SRLV prevalence. A complementary analysis was carried out based on regression analysis to test the relationship between frequency of the TMEM154 E allele and SRLV prevalence in different flocks/breeds. Results showed that the TMEM154 E allele frequencies could be useful for predicting genetic susceptibility to SRLV infection in a sheep flock or breed. Finally, the genetic susceptibility of different Iranian and German sheep breeds was compared based on the frequency of the TMEM154 E allele.Small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLVs) cause maedi-visna disease in sheep and are prevalent in Iran and Germany. The association of the transmembrane protein 154 (TMEM154) variants with SRLV infection has been previously identified by a genome-wide association (GWAS) approach and subsequent analyses, and validated in some US, German, and Turkish sheep flocks. We aimed at evaluating these findings for the first time in Iranian, and in some more German sheep flocks/breeds. Also, we aimed at comparing the SRLV susceptibility in Iranian and German sheep based on the frequency of the TMEM154 E35 allele. About 800 blood samples were collected from 21 Iranian and German sheep flocks/breeds for different purposes: (1) The association of TMEM154 E35K with SRLV infection status was tested in four sheep breeds and found to be significant in Kermani, Merinoland, and Brown Hair. (2) The usefulness of the TMEM154 E35 frequency for predicting SRLV susceptibility was evaluated by regression analysis, combining data from this study and some already published data. Results showed a significant association between E35 frequency and SRLV prevalence. (3) SRLV susceptibility was compared based on E35 frequency in Iranian and German sheep. Altogether, findings of this study provide valuable information on SRLV susceptibility, using TMEM154 E35, in Iranian and German sheep.
Highlights
Lentiviruses can cause maedi-visna (MV) disease in sheep and caprine arthritis encephalitis disease (CAE) in goats
In 10 out of 30 sampled Iranian sheep flocks (33%), at least one small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLV) positive sheep was identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
A follow-up genome-wide association (GWAS) study could be useful for detecting potential additional variants/markers related to SRLV infection status in this breed
Summary
Lentiviruses can cause maedi-visna (MV) disease in sheep and caprine arthritis encephalitis disease (CAE) in goats. Since these viruses infect both host species, they are generally called small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLV). Eradication programs have already been established in many countries by culling infected animals and feeding kids with virus-free colostrum [2]. This strategy comes with costs because of cull replacements and the maintenance of SRLV-free animals [3]. There are several different laboratory techniques for the diagnosis of SRLV infection.
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