Abstract
Introduction The prevalence of cutaneous leishmaniasis is increasing, especially in immunocompromized subjects. Case record We report a case of particular interest, where a patient with steroid refractory polymyositis developed cutaneous leishmaniasis. Clinical outcome was favorable after institution of intralesional antimony therapy. Discussion Cutaneous leishmaniasis is still recognized to be an opportunistic infection. Its frequency is indeed higher in immunocompromized subjects, mainly HIV-infected patients. In our patient, both polymyositis and steroid therapy were predisposing factors of cutaneous leishmaniasis onset; prednisone therapy has been postulated to be associated with immune dysfunction leading to: reduced blood T cells' levels (CD4 et CD8) as well as decreased cytokine synthesis (e.g. interferon gamma).
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