Legal Regulation of Homework: Changes in Labor Legislation of Ukraine

Problem setting. At the present stage of development of the national legal system there are a number of conflicting issues and gaps in the legal regulation of collection companies. Prior to the adoption of the Law of Ukraine № 1349-IX "On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of Ukraine on Protection of Debtors in Settlement of Overdue Debts" the current legislation did not contain clear rules of conduct either for entities engaged in collection activities or mandatory uniform requirements to the ethical conduct and rules of interaction of such persons with the debtor in the settlement of overdue debt. This necessitates a comprehensive and comparative analysis of the legal regulation of economic activity of collectors, which is the purpose of this study. The object of the study is the legal relationship between entities engaged in collection activities and debtors. Analysis of recent researches and publications. Problems of legal regulation of collection activities in Ukraine and determining the nature of financial companies and the specifics of their activities have attracted the attention of researchers for a long time. So M. V. Fedik was engaged in research of this question at different times. [1, p. 107], S. B. Egoricheva [2, p. 117-119], M. I. Dancha [3, p. 52-55], N. V. Mentukh, O. R. Shevchuk [4, p. 58-62], A. G. Zaika [5, p. 169-176], O O. Savchuk, S. V Glibko [6, p. 132-137]. At the same time, the issue of settling the procedure for repaying bad debts by collectors by introducing clear legal rules for their activities and ensuring compliance with the rights of debtors requires further research. The target of research is to determine the changes in the state of collection entities during the settlement of overdue debt, which was proposed by the Law of Ukraine № 1349-IX "On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of Ukraine on Protection of Debtors in Settlement of Overdue Debts". Article’s main body. For the first time a comprehensive analysis of the activities of collectors before the adoption of the Law of Ukraine № 1349-IX "On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of Ukraine on Protection of Debtors in Settlement of Overdue Debts" and prospects of their activities. On the basis of which conclusions were made on the prospects for the implementation of the law. The research is devoted to the analysis of the state of activity of collectors and changes in the legal settlement of legal relations arising during the settlement of overdue debt, which were introduced by the Law of Ukraine № 1349-IX "On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of Ukraine on Protection of Debtors debt ". Conclusions and prospects for the development. Thus, in general, a systematic analysis of Law № 1349-IX allows us to conclude that its provisions contain innovative provisions on the legal regulation of business activities of collection companies, which will have positive consequences for settling overdue debts and protect the rights of debtors.

The article is devoted to a study of the influence of the decisions of the European Committee of Social Rights on the content of labour law. In particular, the author argues that the decisions of the European Committee of Social Rights have a direct influence on the content of labour law norms, although they have a recommendatory meaning. Since our state has developed a plan of measures to implement the provisions of the European Social Charter, the government reports annually on the implementation of its provisions. The content of these reports demonstrates the changes that have already been made to existing legislation concerning employees' labour rights and those planned to be made in the near future. There is an urgent need to prohibit the employment of people under the age of 15 in view of the international obligations that our state has undertaken. It is proposed to amend Article 188 of the Labour Code and amend the third paragraph of Article 188. It is proposed to establish the concept of a light work for minors and a list of related work when improving the draft law «On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of Ukraine on Regulation of Domestic Workers' Labour». The author proposes to develop social adaptation programmes for people with disabilities, a compulsory element of which should be the employment of such people, vocational guidance taking into account their capabilities and the needs of the labour market, as well as the establishment of stricter liability for employers for violating the right to work of people with disabilities. It is noted that in order to overcome gender discrimination in employment, it is necessary to establish the characteristics of equal and equivalent work, taking into account the type of tasks undertaken by employees, skills, education and qualification requirements, and to oblige employers to report to the Public Employment Service on differential pay data, as these are the indicators of compliance with Article 20 of the European Social Charter. It is substantiated that the Committee has repeatedly pointed out in its conclusions the importance of transparency in remuneration, the application of the principle of equal pay for work of equal value, formally supported by the Government of Ukraine. Ukraine has approved the State Social Programme for Equal Rights and Opportunities for Women and Men for the period up to 2021. In particular, it provided for improvement of the legal framework, inclusion of a gender component in economic and social development programmes, expansion of the list of statistical indicators differentiated by article, etc. The programme still has not been fully implemented. In addition, the article proposes a ratification of the Additional Protocol to the European Social Charter providing for collective complaints. The European Committee of Social Rights interprets and details the Charter's provisions in its deliberations and thereby gives significance to its decisions. These activities result in a practice of modern implementation of the provisions of this international treaty, which can be used by the signatory countries in their own practice.

Purpose. The aim of the article is the characteristics of modern theoretical and practical aspects of the functioning of the agricultural land market in Ukraine in the second half of 2021. Methodology of research. The following methods were used in the study: statistical analysis and comparison – in studying the problematic aspects of the Law of Ukraine “On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of Ukraine on the Conditions of Circulation of Agricultural Land”, the dynamics of gross domestic product and public and state-guaranteed debt as the main factors the dynamics of the potential value of land; logical assessment – in substantiating the proposals to restore the moratorium on the sale of agricultural land and repeal the Law of Ukraine “On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of Ukraine on the Conditions of Circulation of Agricultural Land”; generalization – in the process of formulating conclusions based on the results of the analysis. Findings. It is established that during the second half of 2019 – the first half of 2021 there was a continuous decline in gross domestic product of Ukraine and a sharp increase in public debt, which negatively affects the potential value of Ukrainian agricultural land. The necessity of prolonging the moratorium on land sales is substantiated. The principles for the development of a new Law of Ukraine “On the market of agricultural land”, which would take into account the interests of all land users. Originality. Recommendations on the need to renew the moratorium on land sales, repeal the current Law of Ukraine “On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of Ukraine on the Conditions of Circulation of Agricultural Land” and develop a new, state- and national-oriented Law of Ukraine “On Agricultural Land Market” are formed. Practical value. The practical implementation of the proposed measures will create favourable conditions for the development of the national land market, which will allow to solve state problems in the land and investment spheres, as well as to stimulate the development of the national economy. Key words: land, agricultural land, gross domestic product, state and state-guaranteed debt.

The article examines problematic issues of judicial practice regarding the recovery of average earnings for the period of delay in payment upon dismissal. The relevance of the issue is related to the acceptance by the Grand Chamber of the Supreme Court of cases 306/2708/23 and 489/6074/23 on the recovery of average earnings for the period of delay in payment upon dismissal. The author considers two questions: 1) which version of Art. 117 of the Labor Code of Ukraine should be applied to legal relations on the accrual of average earnings for the period of delay in calculation upon dismissal, if the employee was dismissed before July 19, 2022, that is, before the entry into force of the Law of Ukraine “On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of Ukraine Regarding the Optimization of Labor Relations” No. 2352-IX of July 1, 2022, and the calculation has not been made/is not being made even after the entry into force of such law? 2) does Art. 117 of the Labor Code of Ukraine as amended by the Law of Ukraine “On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of Ukraine on the Optimization of Labor Relations” No. 2352-IX of July 1, 2022, the extension of the conclusions of the Grand Chamber of the Supreme Court, set forth in the resolution of September 26, 2019 in case No. 761/9584/15-ts, to legal relationships that arose/continue after July 19, 2022? It is concluded that labor relations regarding the recovery of average earnings during the delay in payment upon dismissal, which take place in the period before 07/19/2022, are subject to legal regulation in accordance with the provisions of Article 117 of the Labor Code of Ukraine (in the previous version); in the period from 07/19/2022, the provisions of Article 117 of the Labor Code of Ukraine (in the version of the Law of Ukraine “On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of Ukraine Regarding the Optimization of Labor Relations” No. 2352-IX of July 1, 2022) are subject to application. The conclusions of the Grand Chamber of the Supreme Court, set out in the resolution of September 26, 2019 in case No. 761/9584/15-ts, should not be applied to employment relationships regarding the recovery of average earnings for the period of delay in payment upon dismissal, which arose/continue after July 19, 2022.

REPORT□ ILODOMESTICWORKERS'CONVENTION ILO Convention on decent work for domestic workers: from promise to reality? I undervalued The the mainly unrecognised, recognition this international adoption Convention previously group workers women brings and of to of the Convention brings international recognition to thisgroupof previously unrecognised, undervaluedand mainlywomen workers of WIEGO's Organization and Representation Programme BARBRO BUDIN, Gender & Equality Officer, IUF KARIN PAPE, WIEGO's European Advisor (International Coordinator of the IDWN June 2009 -July 2011) On ner Labour 16 from June Organisation the domestic balcony workers (ILO) ofthe unfurled Assembly International a banHall nerfrom thebalconyoftheInternational LabourOrganisation (ILO) Assembly Hall withthemessage,'C 189:Congratulations! Now comesthedomestic workforgovernmentsRAT IFY . IMPLEMENT!' The results ofthevoteon the DomesticWorkers Convention, C 189,had just been announced.An overwhelming majority of delegates, 396outof475(83 percent), hadvoted 'yes'.Thishistoric moment cameattheendoftwo longnegotiating sessions attheInternational Labour Conferences (ILC) of2010and 2011andan even longer periodofstruggle for domestic workers for recognition, rights andrespect as workers. TheConvention provides that alldomestic workers , including migrant workers, havethesamebasic labourrights as other workers, suchas theright to form andjoinunionsandengageincollective bargaining . Their working conditions shouldalso be equivalent, including coverage byminimum wage legislation, payment forovertime and stand-by hours,and timeoff. Italso provides forthespecialneedsofdomestic workers, for example, where theyresideon theiremployer'spremises,they shouldenjoydecentlivingconditions and have theirprivacyrespected.The adoption of the Convention, andaccompanying Recommendation, brings international recognition anddignity tothis groupofpreviously unrecognised, undervalued and mainly womenworkers - 83 percent accordingto a recentILO policybrief.It providesan opportunity and platform forimproving thelives ofmillions ofwomenworkers through full labour rights andimproved conditions ofwork. Butas the banner proclaims thisisonlythebeginning ofthe hardworkneeded to turnpromiseintoreality, requiring ratification, nationallegislation, implementation andenforcement bygovernments. Drawing on their experiences as activeparticipantsintheCampaign for anILOConvention, and insupporting thedevelopment oftheInternational DomesticWorker Network (IDWN), theauthors contendthat, although manyfactors and players combined toproducethisremarkable result, criticalwasthedirect participation ofdomestic workersintheprocesses leading up to,andduring, the negotiations. Forprobably thefirst time intheILO history, workers, whowerethesubjects ofthestandardsetting process, actively engaged atevery step. Importantly, they hada vehiclethrough whichto givevoiceto their demands- theIDWN,and to mobilise andlink with a widerange ofallies, especiallythetradeunionmovement , including the Workers BureauoftheILO (ACTRAV). Thesefactorswillbe equallyimportant intheimplementationphase .Without strong organisations ofdomesticworkers supported bythetrade union movement and otherallies,thesignificance and potential impact oftheConvention maynotbe fully realised. Usingthe ILOConventionto builda movement Thefirst international conference ofdomestic workers ' organisations, hostedbytheDutchLabour MovementFederation(FNV), took place in November 2006inAmsterdam. The biggest surpriseforparticipants was thatthereweremany domestic workers' organisations around theglobe butmostofthemdid notknowofeach other. Conference participants expressedthedesireto worktogether towards an ILO Convention. They alsoexpressed theviewthat this wasonly onestep towards creating a globalmovement ofdomestic workers. Thereafter, theInternational Unionof Food, Agricultural, Hotel,Restaurant, Catering, Tobacco and AlliedWorkers' Associations (IUF) tooktheinitiative toprovide anorganisational base forcreating a globalnetwork ofdomestic workers 'organisations. TheIUFandWomen inInformal Employment: Globalizing andOrganizing (WIEGO), a globalresearch-policy network, decidedtowork together on theissue. In 2008 theILO placed "Decent Work for Domestic Workers" ontheagenda ofthe2010and2011ILCs.With thesupport of WIEGO,theIUF raisedfunds to campaign fora meaningful international instrument(ILO Convention) for domestic workers andtostrengthendomestic workers' organisations. InSeptember 2008domestic worker representatives from differentregions cametogether inGenevatoplanthe wayforward fortheCampaign. Theydecidedto form a Steering Committee, supported bya technicalteam .Thefollowing yearsawtheprovisionallaunch oftheIDWN, consolidation oftheSteering Committee, and agreement on an interim governancestructure . The IDWNis an organisation in themaking withtheSteering Committee forming thenucleusofa developing federation ofdomesticworkers ' unionsand associations. To datethe IDWN has focuseditsenergieson campaigning rather thanorganisational development. Thislattertaskis nowunderway. Preparations fortheglobalCampaign beganin earnest inJune 2009whenregional domestic workersrepresentatives andinterim Steering Committee members participated intheILCtolearn aboutILO processes. Regional coordinators inAsia, Africa and LatinAmerica werethebackboneoftheglobal Campaign, supported by the International Coordinator. Tradeunionstructures and government representatives atthenational levelwerethe target groups for IDWNactivities, alongside mobilisation ofdomestic workers andalliance building. Domesticworkers' demandswerecollected and consolidated intoa Platform ofDemands, andcirculatedattheILC ,together withmaterials on statistics produced byWIEGOandresearchers for the IDWN.One objective wastoinclude as many repINTERNAT10NAL union rights Page 10Volume 18Issue 32011 REPORIG ILO DOMESTICWORKERS'CONVENTION resentatives ofdomestic workers' organisations into thenationaltradeuniondelegations.Domestic workers demanded a basicworkers' right, namely tospeakfor themselves. In2010,this strategy met withsomesuccess,anddomestic workers' representatives wereincluded insomedelegations. This gavethem membership oftheWorkers' Groupof theDomestic Workers' Committee inwhichthey hadtheright tospeak. During thefirst reading attheILC2010,employerstooka hardlineand calledseveraltimesfor record votes.Despiteopposition from some,the majority of governments voted in favourof a Convention andnotjusta Recommendation. Asa Convention isa much stronger instrument, this was a significant moment inthestruggle. However, positions can shift. So, itwas imperativeintheyearaheadtostrengthen thesupport ofthoseGovernments identified as 'allies'andto turn aroundthosethatwerehostile.The IDWN intensified theCampaign. Domestic workers raised their voicesinradioprogrammes...

Since the beginning of full-scale military aggression of Russia and the introduction of martial law, the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine has adopted several laws that have led to a significant transformation of the labor legislation of Ukraine. This is primarily the Law of Ukraine “On Organization of Labor Relations in Martial Status”, tht Law of Ukraine “On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of Ukraine on Optimization of Labor Relations” and The Law of Ukraine «On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts on Simplification of Regulation of Labor Relations in the Field of Small and Medium Business and Reduction of Administrative Load on Entrepreneurship». The purpose of scientific work is to investigate the problematic transformations of the labor legislation of Ukraine adopted during martial law, their influence on the labor rights of employees and the role of trade unions, the compliance of these changes in the European legislation, European intergness obligations and international labor standards. The study was carried out by applying methods of normative-comparative analysis, system-structural research and generalization. As a result of the study, it has been stated that the transformations of labor legislation adopted since the beginning of the war significantly narrowed the scope of labor rights and social protection of employees, do not correspond and contradict the law of the European Union, conventions and recommendations of the International Labor Organization. In the future, such a non-compliance may be an obstacle to Ukraine’s membership in the EU. It should be noted that objectively the war determines the restriction of the rights of workers and trade unions. However, after the end of the martial law, Ukraine on the way to EU membership will be facing the need to restore the labor rights of workers and trade unions and strengthen social dialogue. What is best done through the development and adoption of a new Labor Code of Ukraine, which must meet international labor standards established by the International Labor Organization and European legislation. In preparation of the Labor Code, it is mandatory to involve all parties of social dialogue.

We need to make sure telecommuting does not exacerbate gender disparity

The problem of the existence of «thief in law» in recent decades is extremely relevant, so its solution requires significant research and changes in legislation. Initially national in nature, due to numerous political changes in the countries (for example, after the collapse of the USSR), the phenomenon of the spread of such subjects of legal relations gradually became an international problem, i.e. of a cross-border nature.Ukraine, where until recently the issue of combating these criminals did not go beyond legislative initiatives, due to the lack of regulations was exposed to special danger from organized crime, which, like any group, has its leaders – «thieves in law».Recently, the Verkhovna Rada adopted the Law of Ukraine «On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of Ukraine on Liability for Crimes Committed by the Criminal Community» № 671-IX of 04.06.2020. This provoked some discussion in the legal community. In particular, it concerns the inconsistency of the provisions with the Constitution of Ukraine, the Criminal Code of Ukraine, the risks of abuse by law enforcement agencies and human rights violations as a consequence.The article analyzes and names some aspects of the experience of combating organized crime in Georgia and the Russian Federation, explores the need to introduce the concept of «thief in law» of Ukrainian legislation on the basis of regulations and the work of scientists.According to international experience, the adoption of such laws by most states is able to actively combat organized crime and its leaders, at least within their own country. The main purpose of initiating draft laws and, as a result, the adoption of the Law of Ukraine «On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of Ukraine on Liability for Crimes Committed by the Criminal Community» № 671-IX of 04.06.2020.Analyzing the opinions of scientists, we can say that the introduction of the category of «thief in law» – a rather controversial and somewhat ill-considered decision.The authors believe that the law needs to be revised, brought into line with current legislation and to start an effective fight against so-called «thieves in law», taking into account the testimony of scholars, MPs and other legal practitioners.

In the article, the authors submit the main changes to the current land legislation of Ukraine since the beginning of a full-scale invasion of the russian armed forces. The article deals with the novellas, in particular: Law No. 2145-IX «On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of Ukraine on Creation of Conditions for Food Security in Martial Status» of April 7, 2022; Law No. 2247-IX «On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of Ukraine on the Peculiarities of Regulation of Land Relations in Martial Status» of June 9, 2022. The conditions and requirements for the formation of new land plots and documentation during the war are revealed; The rights of tenants of agricultural land during hostilities are explained; Changes in the rules of regulation of land relations are currently analyzed. Explained: system of change of purpose of land plots; lease of state and communal property for placement of production capacity of enterprises evacuated from the war zone; The simplified procedure for renting free land plots of state and communal property of agricultural purposes used for conducting commodity agricultural production is investigated. The procedure for leasing, privatization and compulsory alienation of such a plot in the form of confiscation and requisition was determined, the procedure for determining the damage and losses caused by the aggressor state, the land fund of Ukraine is analyzed. The systematic legislation on regulation of land relations in the conditions of martial law and the possibility of simplification to ensure the functioning of the economy and the accelerated restoration of infrastructure of Ukraine is revealed.

The article is devoted to the issues of modern legislative regulation regarding the grounds and requirements for the execution of a conclusion by a specialist in criminal proceedings. The scientific works of outstanding domestic and foreign scientists are analyzed and their great contribution to the study of this topic is indicated. Since they conduct a fundamental analysis of the domestic and foreign heritage on this issue, they help to determine the further debatable direction and carry out the subsequent scientific search. Articles of the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine and the Criminal Code of Ukraine regarding the requirements for drawing up a written conclusion of a specialist, as well as articles on the responsibility of an expert and a specialist for introducing false information into the conclusion of the study prepared by them, have been carefully researched and analyzed, and the boundaries of the emergence of a certain responsibility are indicated. It is indicated that the expert's conclusion as one of the sources of evidence in the case allows, at the appropriate scientific level, to objectively and fully solve the designated tasks that require the use of special knowledge. The norms of the Law of Ukraine “On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of Ukraine in connection with the adoption of the Law of Ukraine “On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of Ukraine on Simplification of Pre-trial Investigation of Certain Categories of Criminal Offenses” are analyzed. It is indicated that a written conclusion of a specialist can be obtained to clarify the circumstances of the commission of a criminal offense before entering information into the Unified Register of Pre-trial Investigations. It is also indicated that the conclusion of a specialist is recognized as a procedural source of evidence in criminal proceedings on criminal offenses with the proviso that such a procedural source of evidence cannot be used in criminal proceedings for a crime, except on the basis of a ruling by an investigating judge, which is issued at the request of the prosecutor. A comparative analysis was carried out regarding the content of the conclusions of the expert with the conclusions of the specialist. The general and distinctive positions in the written content of the conclusions of a specialist and an expert are indicated. Key words: specialist, expert, the conclusion of a specialist, the conclusion of an expert, criminal offense.

Ensuring the development and further development of the electronic health care system are priority conditions for achieving the goals and objectives of improving the quality of the provision of medical services, improving the health of the population, improving the quality of communication processes between interested parties, reducing the number of medical errors, ensuring effective control over circulation and the use of medical technologies and medicines, the formation of a unified policy and medical space with the EU. The purpose of the article is to analyze the implementation of strategic plans for the development of the electronic health care system of Ukraine, to determine the most priority directions for its improvement and prospects for further development in the light of providing strategic planning for the development of the health care sector. The results of the study of the state of the e-Health system, conducted by specialists of the Agency for Local Economic Development of Yavoriv Oblast within the project "Synergy of electronic health and digital skills in Georgia, Moldova and Ukraine: a way to increase the resilience of civil societies of the Eastern Partnership in times of crisis" were analyzed; research by experts of the independent public association-coalition "Ukraine after Victory"; study "Primary medical care in Ukraine: progress achieved and next steps: data analysis for 2020-2021"; the study "Telemedicine in Ukraine: a situational analysis" conducted by the Charitable Fund "Patients of Ukraine" and the Ukrainian Center for Health Care within the framework of the "Sustainable Development of National Health Care Systems" (LHSS) and USAID "Integrated Health Systems IDIQ" projects, and as well as the content of the Law of Ukraine "On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of Ukraine Regarding the Functioning of Telemedicine", the explanatory note to it and "Strategy for the Development of Telemedicine in Ukraine". It was determined that 50% of the tasks of the "Concept for the Development of Electronic Healthcare" approved in 2020 have not been completed, 36% of the tasks have been partially completed, and only 24% of the tasks have been completed to a sufficient extent. The implementation of telemedicine as one of the most priority areas of development of the e-health system in Ukraine as of 2023 is unsatisfactory. The adoption of the Law "On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of Ukraine Regarding the Functioning of Telemedicine" and the approval of the "Strategy for the Development of Telemedicine in Ukraine" do not create prerequisites for solving the accumulated problems due to the determination of technical assistance funds from international institutions, organizations and foreign countries as the only source of funding , the absence of measures to minimize possible risks of strategy implementation, as well as a contradictory statement regarding the participation in the implementation of the tasks of the main stakeholders.

The article is devoted to the study of the problems of discrimination, its manifestations in the field of labor relations in today's conditions. Because at the current stage of development and formation of Ukraine, the problems of discrimination are gaining great importance and require additional research. Today, the main problem of discrimination in Ukraine is its widespread form of manifestation, which consists in gender inequality in the field of employment and job search. Domestic legislation, international documents, as well as the views of scientists who were engaged in the study of this problem were analyzed. It is noted that discrimination in the field of labor is unequal opportunities for employees endowed with equal productivity, or unequal treatment of them by employers, society and the state; this is a deliberate restriction of the rights of the subjects of social and labor relations, which blocks their access to equal opportunities in the labor market. It was concluded that the adoption of legislative acts aimed at preventing discrimination in the field of employment (Laws of Ukraine "On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of Ukraine Regarding Strengthening the Protection of Workers' Rights" dated 05.12.2022 No. 2253-IX, "On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of Ukraine on the optimization of labor relations" dated 01.07.2022 No. 2352-IX) will contribute to bringing domestic legislation into line with the legislation of the European Union, the practice of the International Labor Organization and will have a positive impact on the market environment. Since, as the experience of developed countries shows, non-discrimination contributes not only to the establishment of democratic principles and respect for human rights, but also has a positive impact on social and economic relations in society, allows more efficient use of human resources, and ensures stability. Especially today, when Ukrainian society has faced new challenges. In such an extremely difficult time, the field of labor legislation more than ever needs adaptation, and therefore, the introduction of appropriate changes.

The emergence of the need to demonopolize space activities in Ukraine indicates that space may soon turn from an object ofexclusively state research into a regular destination. Therefore, we turn to the analysis of Ukrainian legislation in this area.The article analyzes the provisions of the Law of Ukraine “On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of Ukraine on State Regu -lation of Space Activities” and presents arguments in favor of demonopolization of space activities in Ukraine, which in turn shouldpromote space activities and attract investment in Ukraine.Historically, in Ukraine, the space industry was a state monopoly. Only scientific space research, development, testing and productionof non-rocket space objects, their repair and maintenance could be carried out by private enterprises.The basis for the abolition of the state monopoly in this area was presented by the Law of Ukraine “On Space Activities”, whichdefined the general legal basis for space activities in Ukraine, by introducing a declaration on space activities, which is essentially anotification mechanism, and abolishing registration in Space agency of concluded agreements between national and foreign privatebusiness entities.The Law of Ukraine “On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of Ukraine Concerning State Regulation of Space Activities”was developed to remove restrictions on such activities for private space entities, which in turn should lead to the development of spaceactivities, attracting investment in space activities. industry of Ukraine, as well as create new jobs in this area. This law is aimed atensuring development, increasing investment attractiveness, as well as creating a competitive environment for the development of thespace industry in Ukraine, both in the public and private sectors.In addition, to date, the Government has not approved a list of space activities that are subject to compulsory insurance. Thus,there is no legal basis for the implementation of this type of compulsory insurance. What leaves us an open field for discussion.

The article examines the problems of responsibility in modern Ukraine for collaborative activities. It is noted that today these problems are of particular importance in Ukraine, given the ongoing occupation of part of its sovereign territories, which occurred with the beginning of Russian aggression, combined with the use of hybrid methods of warfare. It is noted that the adoption of laws on collaboration has not been decided for a long time, and only a large-scale armed invasion of Ukraine, during which (war) a large bet was made to persuade Ukrainian citizens to collude with the aggressor, accelerated the adoption of these laws. Responsibility for collaborative activities was introduced by the laws of Ukraine of 03.03.2022 № 2108-IX «On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of Ukraine on Establishment of Criminal Liability for Collaborative Activities» and of 14.04.2022 № 2198 «On Amendments to the Criminal and Criminal Procedure codes of Ukraine on improving the responsibility for collaboration…». It is established that the laws introduced 8 types of collaboration activities into the Criminal Code of Ukraine. Emphasis is placed on the special public danger of activities in the public sphere, as these are intentional activities committed to harm the national security of Ukraine. In addition to criminal liability, the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, by adopting the Law of Ukraine of 03.03.2022 № 2107-IX «On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of Ukraine on Ensuring the Liability of Persons Carrying Out Collaborative Activities», introduced restrictions on certain activities for persons , who have a criminal record for committing a criminal offense against the foundations of national security of Ukraine, provided for in Article 111-1 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, which is not repaid or removed in the manner prescribed by law.

Problem setting. Modern land reform in Ukraine is characterized by a number of positive changes in land legislation. With the entry into force of the Law of Ukraine “On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of Ukraine Regarding the Terms of Sale of Agricultural Lands” the market of agricultural lands, which until that moment was under a moratorium, was introduced. As of July 1, 2021, Art. 130-1 of the Land Code of Ukraine, which regulates the preferential right to purchase an agricultural plot of land. In this connection, legislative novelties, which concern the circle of subjects with the preferential right to purchase agricultural land, are of great importance. Analysis of recent researches and publications. The legal regulation of relations in the area of exercise of the pre-emptive right to purchase agricultural land by entities in the national land law literature has been studied by representatives of the land law doctrine, among whom we should mention P.F. Kulynich, T. O. Kovalenko, O, C. Baksheiev, S. L. Goshtinar, O.M. Batygina, M.V. Shulga, and others. However, the peculiarities of exercising the preemptive right to purchase an agricultural land plot by a first priority entity a person holding a special permit for the extraction of minerals of national importance have not been disclosed. Purpose of the research is to analyze the theoretical and practical issues related to the exercise of the first priority right to purchase agricultural land by the first movers and to highlight the specifics of such a right. Article’s main body. This article is devoted to highlighting the theoretical and practical problems associated with the subjects’ realization of the preemptive right to purchase a plot of agricultural land, and the search and justification of possible ways to solve them, based on the fundamental principles of land law. The peculiarities of the realization of the preferential right to purchase an agricultural plot of land by a subject of the first order a person who has a special permit for the extraction of minerals of national significance have been investigated and disclosed. After all, at the current stage of reforming land and subsoil relations, the relevant legislation is being improved with the aim of simplifying the mechanism of obtaining subsoil for use and the necessary lands for its implementation. The adopted Law of Ukraine dated December 1, 2022 No. 2805-IX “On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of Ukraine on Improving Legislation in the Field of Subsoil Use” is designed to provide Ukraine with a sufficient amount of raw materials. This Law introduces a simplified procedure for obtaining subsoil for use, which will allow the industry to work and provide the country’s needs with its own mineral extraction. However, according to the current land legislation and the legislation on subsoil, the acquisition of subsoil use rights is not accompanied by the emergence of the right to the necessary land plot, which further complicates the realization of the right to use subsoil. In the process of researching current issues related to the specified topic, the need to improve the relevant legal prescriptions is emphasized, which in today’s conditions should ensure the clarity and transparency of the conditions of access by interested subjects to the subsoil and the necessary land plots. Conclusions and prospects for the development. Thus, the realization of the preferential right to purchase an agricultural plot of land by subjects of the first tier and their further use of the specified lands deserves special attention. The outlined problems related to the subjects’ realization of the preemptive right to purchase an agricultural plot of land require a legislative solution. The question remains open regarding the fulfillment by subjects of the first tier of the preferential right to purchase a land plot for agricultural use of the obligation of the owners of land plots to ensure their use for their intended purpose (Article 91 of the Law of Ukraine). It is also desirable at the legislative level to establish a clear priority and sequence of subjects with a preferential right to purchase an agricultural plot of land.