Legal Protection for Children as Victims of Criminal Acts of Sexual or Molestation Committed by People Who Have Family Relations and Carried Out Continuously

Violence against Women and Girls: Female Filmmakers Critique the Menace

This research shows that minors are vulnerable to becoming victims of sexual violence. This research uses normative juridical research which is descriptive analysis, which is carried out by examining primary and secondary materials. The data source used in this research is literature study. Children as social beings under the age of 18 (eighteen) years unless based on applicable law, maturity has been obtained before. Sexual violence has now become a new threat to parents who have children, especially those who are still underage. The purpose of this research is to find out the extent of court decisions in dealing with the problem of sexual violence and how legal protection is given to victims of sexual violence. The enactment of Law No. 23/2002 on Child Protection is expected to provide rights and protection for children who are victims of sexual violence. And in relation to that, Law Number 35 of 2014 was also born to amend Law Number 23 of 2002 concerning Child Protection, which is expected to prioritize the rights and obligations and legal protection of children. This law already has threats and criminal sanctions that can incriminate perpetrators of sexual violence against children. Legal protection of children is the responsibility of all parties such as the state, government, society and parents who are at the forefront of child protection.

The large number of child abuse rates in the school environment forces the government to make policies to tackle it. Through child-friendly schools, it will provide protection for children in educational units. Furthermore, this paper aims to give a solution through child-friendly school. Not only creating schools that are safe from violence, but child-friendly schools also provide opportunities for children to carry out enjoyable learning processes and strengthen children's character. Child friendly schools have provided legal protection for children's rights while in the education unit. Through a child friendly school program based on the principles of child protection and prioritizing the fulfillment of children's rights, it will be a solution for the government today in dealing with various forms of violence that occur in schools.

Constitutional Court Decision No. 68/PUU-XII/2014 is an important milestone in the legal debate regarding the validity of interfaith marriages in Indonesia. Although the decision does not change the normative provisions in Article 2 paragraph (1) of Law No. 1/1974 on Marriage, the implications for the position of children from interfaith marriages are very real. Children born from such relationships often face administrative obstacles, uncertainty of legal status, and potential discrimination in obtaining their basic rights as citizens. This study aims to analyze the juridical implications of the Constitutional Court's decision on the legal protection of children from interfaith marriages, and to encourage the formulation of affirmative policies that guarantee the protection of children's rights as a whole. The research method used is normative juridical with the approach of legislation and analysis of court decisions. The results of the study show that derivative regulations and concrete steps are needed from the state to ensure recognition of the legal status of children, in line with the constitutional principles of child protection and respect for human rights.

The purpose of this study are as follows: 1) To find out and examine the form of Legal Protection for Children as Victims of Pornography Crimes According to Law Number 44 of 2008 concerning pornography. 2) To find out and study the efforts that must be made by the government in Law Enforcement Against Perpetrators of Pornography. The type of research used by the author in this thesis is normative legal research that studies law as the norm in legislation. Normative Legal Research is also called library research, document study, as well as doctrinal law research, because this research is conducted or aimed only at written legislation or other legal materials. In conducting normative legal research or also known as doctrinal research using statutory regulations, court decisions (jurisprudence), legal theory, and opinions of legal experts related to legal protection for children as victims of pornography crime according to law number 44 of 2008 about pornography. From the results of the research Based on the discussion and analysis that has been done, it can be concluded that the Legal Protection for Children as Victims of Pornography Acts according to Law Number 44 Year 2008 is to provide comfort to victims in providing special protection for children so that their trauma and mental illness are not disturbed and has the right to rehabilitation,And efforts by the government and the community to prevent the occurrence of pornography involving children by conducting seminars, appeals, socialization of the community so that the protection of children from cases of pornography is not widespread and prevented earlier. The form of criminal liability for pornography involving children is regulated in Article 37 of Law Number 44 Year 2008 concerning Pornography, that criminal sanctions are added 1/3 of the maximum threat of criminal. Where criminal sanctions can be given are imprisonment only, criminal fines in the form of money only, or imprisonment plus fines.

Protection of women and children in the context of marriage, not only during marriage but after divorce. Protection of women and children after divorce has gained legality since the existence of SEMA No. 3 of 2018. Since the birth of SEMA, women have been able to claim their rights even through divorce, as was the case in the Jember Religious Court decision. This research was conducted to find out 1) How the Judges of the Jember Religious Court considered the post-SEMA no. 3 of 2018. 2) What is the legal protection for women and children in the Jember Religious Court decision after SEMA No. 3 of 2018. The results of this research show 1) The judge's considerations in the decision to clarify post-SEMA No. 3 of 2018 by looking at the reasons/arguments that can be proven to be legal facts. There are three aspects of consideration, namely the first, the philosophical aspect, namely, the juridical aspect, namely and sociological considerations. 2) A form of legal protection for the rights of women and children in the divorce decision at the Jember religious court's ruling, namely that the wife gets mut'ah, madhiyah and living expenses during the iddah, legal protection for children is the right to get decent living expenses. This is as stipulated in SEMA No. 3 of 2018 All these decisions contain three legal ideals, namely justice, certainty and legal benefits.

Legal protection of children is an important issue in the Indonesian legal system. Children as a vulnerable group require special attention from the state to ensure their rights are protected. This research aims to analyze how the implementation of legal protection for children is viewed from Law number 35 of 2014 concerning Amendments to Law number 23 of 2002 concerning Child Protection, especially in criminal cases involving children. The case study raised is the High Court decision number 255/PID/2023/PT.BDG, where there are important legal considerations related to child protection in the judicial process. This research uses a normative juridical approach with analysis of court decisions, statutory regulations, and related literature. The research results show that although regulations regarding child protection are quite comprehensive, implementation in the field still faces several obstacles, especially in terms of law enforcement and public awareness. Therefore, there is a need to increase the implementation of regulations and synergy between relevant institutions to ensure that children's rights are protected effectively.

The Constitutional Court Decision No. 46/PUU-VIII/2010 is a progressive step in upholding justice for out-of-wedlock children, especially in terms of the recognition of civil relations with biological fathers that were not previously legally recognized. The provisions in Article 43 paragraph (1) of Law No. 1 of 1974 limit the legal relationship of out-of-wedlock children only with their mother and family, thus causing injustice in access to inheritance rights. This article aims to juridically examine the changes in legal norms due to the decision and evaluate its implications for the inheritance system and legal protection of children. The method used is a normative juridical approach through the analysis of laws and regulations, legal doctrine, and jurisprudence of the Constitutional Court. The results of the study show that the Constitutional Court's decision has expanded the scope of civil relations between children out of wedlock and their biological fathers, opening up legitimate access to inheritance rights as long as it can be legally proven. This ruling removes previous normative discrimination and strengthens constitutional principles of equality before the law and the protection of children. Thus, this ruling is an important milestone in the reconstruction of the principle of justice in national family law

Children are the embryo of the birth of a new generation which is the successor to the ideals of the nation's struggle and human resources for national development. Children are national assets, the future of the nation and state in the future is in the hands of children now. "The better the child's personality now, the better the future life of the nation will be. Likewise, if the child's personality is bad, the future life of the nation will be bad. Crimes against decency in general raise concern, especially parents' anxiety for female children because apart from being able to threaten the safety of female children (for example rape, obscene acts) they can also affect the process of growth towards earlier sexual maturity. This research discusses 2 ( two) things, namely the urgency of anti-sexual crime education in tackling sexual crimes against children and legal protection for children who are victims of sexual crimes. A brief conclusion can be drawn from this discussion, namely that sexual education/anti-sexual crimes are very important and necessary to introduce every child to know and understand which parts of the body organs should not be touched by other people. Apart from that, legal protection for children as victims has been accommodated in several laws and regulations, especially in Law Number 35 of 2014 Jo. Law Number 23 of 2002 concerning Child Protection.

This research deals with special problems in children resulting from adultery. This is shown in article 100 of the Compilation of Islamic Law (KHI) whose family relationship is only with the mother and the mother's family. The four schools of thought agree that children from adultery do not receive a lineage from their father. The formulation of the research problems are, 1) What is the role of state institutions in guaranteeing and protecting the rights of children born from adultery? 2) How is the legal protection of children's rights in the womb resulting from adultery from a positive legal perspective? 3) How is the legal protection of children's rights in the womb resulting from adultery from the perspective of Islamic law? This research is normative legal research research on secondary data from primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials through literature review based on the Al-Quran and hadith, books, laws and regulations and other related matters. The result of this research is that the state's efforts to guarantee protection have been carried out through laws that are general in nature. However, there are no specific rules to guarantee legal protection for children in the womb of adultery. MK Decision No. 46/PUU-VII/2010 is a bright spot in legal protection for children resulting from adultery, namely having the same rights and treatment as children in general by means of proof and recognition of child status by their biological father. Meanwhile, the perspective of Islamic law also issued MUI Fatwa NO. 11 of 2012 concerning Children resulting from adultery and their treatment that children resulting from adultery do not have a family relationship with their father, and are only related to their mother and family. However, the biological father is obliged to provide the fulfillment of the child's rights with responsibility for adultery children who have existed since the womb.

Children are God's creations that need to be protected by anyone because of their limitations. One of the protections provided is legal protection for children who get a form of violence. Violence that children receive will have a negative impact on the child's future. This paper aims to find out the need to provide legal protection for children as victims of violence and legal protection for children as victims of violence according to statutory regulations. To find out this, normative research was carried out by studying and researching laws and regulations related to child protection. The need for normative legal research in order to know the legal protection for children as victims of violence. The problems formulated in this research are, firstly, why children who are victims of violence need to be given legal protection, and secondly, how is legal protection for children who are victims of violence according to statutory regulations. Legal protection for children is given so that children's rights are protected as stated in the laws and regulations governing child protection, namely not getting forms of violence as stated in Articles 76A to 76J Law Number 35 of 2014 and legal protection given for the justice of the child. Therefore, the state provides legal protection for all children which has been regulated to be implemented in Law Number 31 of 2014 concerning Amendments to Law Number 13 of 2006 concerning Protection of Witnesses and Victims and Law Number 35 of 2014 concerning child protection and the Law - Law Number 1 of 2023 concerning the Criminal Code, in order to prevent violence against children.

Children are God's creations that need to be protected by anyone because of their limitations. One of the protections provided is legal protection for children who get a form of violence. Violence that children receive will have a negative impact on the child's future. This paper aims to find out the need to provide legal protection for children as victims of violence and legal protection for children as victims of violence according to statutory regulations. To find out this, normative research was carried out by studying and researching laws and regulations related to child protection. The need for normative legal research in order to know the legal protection for children as victims of violence. The problems formulated in this research are, firstly, why children who are victims of violence need to be given legal protection, and secondly, how is legal protection for children who are victims of violence according to statutory regulations. Legal protection for children is given so that children's rights are protected as stated in the laws and regulations governing child protection, namely not getting forms of violence as stated in Articles 76A to 76B Law Number 35 of 2014 and legal protection given for the justice of the child. Therefore, the state provides legal protection for all children which has been regulated to be implemented in Law Number 31 of 2014 concerning Amendments to Law Number 13 of 2006 concerning Protection of Witnesses and Victims and Law Number 35 of 2014 concerning child protection, in order to prevent the occurrence of violence against children.

Children are Allah's entrustment to parents, society, nation and country heirs of Islamic teachings (revelation of Allah Almighty) which will later prosper the world as rahmatan lil 'âlamîn. That every child has the right to protection from violence or persecution and discrimination as mandated in the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. The rights of children as victims of criminal acts of maltreatment include, such as treatment, psychological rehabilitation and compensation. This research was conducted with normative legal research. Normative legal research is research that places law as a building system of norms, consisting of principles, norms, rules of laws and regulations, court decisions, agreements and doctrines.

The Constitutional Court's decision number 46/PUU-VIII/2010 changed the contents of Article 43 paragraph 1 of Law number 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage wherein the ruling in the third paragraph stated that children born out of wedlock have civil relations with their mothers and their mothers' families as well as with men. the man as the father who can be proven based on science and technology and/or other evidence according to law has blood relations including civil relations with his father's family. The phenomenon that occurs in society, many illegitimate children are hidden by the heir as their biological father. So that the certificate of inheritance rights does not include children out of wedlock as heirs. This is the formulation of the problem of how the legal consequences for children out of wedlock are related to the part of the rights that are hidden in inheritance and how the legal protection for children out of wedlock whose identity is hidden by the heir is related to the part of the right to inherit. The theory used is the legal protection theory of Satjipto Rahardjo and the theory of children out of wedlock from R. Soeroso. The method used in this research is normative juridical research, namely library law research or secondary data with sources of primary, secondary and tertiary legal materials. The research approach used is a statutory approach, a conceptual approach, an analytical approach and a case approach. The technique of collecting legal material is carried out by identifying and inventorying positive law rules, literature, books, journals and other sources of legal materials. For the technique of analyzing legal material, it is carried out using legal interpretation (interpretation), grammatical interpretation, systematic interpretation and legal construction methods. From the research results, it can be seen that the legal consequences for illegitimate children related to the part of the rights that are hidden by inheritance based on a court decision, the child has a civil relationship with the mother and father so that legal actions related to inheritance can be cancelled. This can be seen by canceling the Inheritance Declaration Deed. As for lawsuits, it can be carried out through unlawful acts, while legal protection for children out of wedlock is limited to children out of wedlock in the narrow sense, namely children born out of wedlock who are not registered. The decision of the Constitutional Court only provides protection for biological responsibility regarding rights and responsibilities as a biological father and is not related to the inheritance status of a father to his child as an heir, but this decision can be used as the basis for a lawsuit regarding the inheritance rights of children out of wedlock in a narrow sense

The formulation of the problem in this study are: 1) parts of criminal liability of the owner of a motorized vehicle whose vehicle was used in a traffic accident Case Study of the Decision of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Indonesia Number 1029 K / Pid.Sus / 2015? And 2) how is the legal protection of children as perpetrators in traffic accidents Case Study of the Supreme Court's Decision No. 1029 K / Pid.Sus / 2015?The method used by researchers is juridical sociological legal approach and the specifications in this study are descriptive analytical. The sources and types of data in this study are primary data obtained from interview field studies. And secondary data obtained from literature studies relating to the theory of criminal liability and legal protection.Based on the results of that study The criminal liability of the owner of a motorized vehicle whose vehicle is used in a traffic accident by a child is not held accountable even if only as an inclusion, the child who commits a traffic violation or a traffic crime is the sole offender, even if the motorized vehicle used by permission of an adult, both his parents or other vehicle owners. The legal protection of children as perpetrators in traffic accidents has not been fulfilled as in the Supreme Court Decree No. 1029 K / Pid.Sus / 2015, the vehicle owner who surrendered his vehicle (car) was only made a witness in a traffic accident that resulted in a victim died, and the child became the sole culprit.Keywords: Liability; Criminal; Motorized Vehicles; Children.