Legal Maxims of Ba’i Ibn Al-Arabi’s Contract and Their Relevance to Contemporary Muamalah Maliah Issues

Abstract

The legal maxims of the ba'i contract are inductive Islamic legal reasoning, so their implementation has a static and dynamic character. Apart from al-Arabi, attention to two characters in one theme of fiqh (Islamic Jurisprudence) rules is rarely discussed by Islamic jurists. It is one of the reasons for the failure to dynamize the theory and practice of Islamic economic law, resulting in various criticisms. This research discussed the legal maxims of the ba'i contract of al-Arabi in Al-Masalik fi Syarh Muwatta Malik and their relevance to contemporary muamalah maliah issues to provide complete answers to various criticisms in contemporary Islamic legal theory and practice. The research method used normative Islamic law with a conceptual, philosophical, and historical approach. The data collection technique used a document study of Ibn al-Arabi's work "Al-Masalik fi Syarh Muwatta Malik" related to the fiqh rule on the Ba'i contract. The analysis technique was prescriptive analysis with logic and inductive legal reasoning. The research results show the ten fiqh rules of the ba'i contract developed by al-Arabi that have static characters, namely usury, garar or jahalah, consuming wealth in vanity, and deceit (gasysi). Besides, those with dynamic characters are urf, emergency, and maqasid al-syariah/sadd al-zariah. The rule fiqh is relevant to contemporary muamalah maliah contract issues, such as cashback systems, dropship systems in online buying and selling, stock sales, pre-order systems, and electronic transactions (e-money). Therefore, these rules can be used as an ‘illat (ratio legis) for resolving problems in the contemporary muamalah maliah contract.