Abstract
Broomcorn millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) affected by smut (caused by the pathogen Sporisorium destruens) has reduced production yields and quality. Determining the tolerance of broomcorn millet varieties is essential for smut control. This study focuses on the differences in the phenotypes, physiological characteristics, and transcriptomes of resistant and susceptible broomcorn millet varieties under Sporisorium destruens stress. In diseased broomcorn millet, the plant height and stem diameter were reduced, while the number of nodes increased. After infection, the activities of superoxide dismutase and peroxidase decreased, and malondialdehyde and relative chlorophyll content (SPAD) decreased. Transcriptome analysis showed 514 and 5452 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the resistant and susceptible varieties, respectively. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis of DEGs showed that pathways related to plant disease resistance, such as phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, plant–pathogen interaction, and plant hormone signal transduction, were significantly enriched. In addition, the transcriptome changes of cluster leaves and normal leaves in diseased broomcorn millet were analysed. Gene ontology and KEGG enrichment analyses indicated that photosynthesis played an important role in both varieties. These findings lay a foundation for future research on the molecular mechanism of the interaction between broomcorn millet and Sporisorium destruens.
Highlights
Smut is a common plant disease [1,2], and is one of the major diseases of broomcorn millet (Panicum miliaceum L.), able to seriously affect production
At the early heading stage of two broomcorn millet varieties, there was no significant difference between uninoculated controls (CK; R0 and S0) and Sporisorium destruens-inoculated samples (R1 and S1)
Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis showed that plant hormone signal transduction, plant–pathogen interaction, and photosynthesis are important pathways in the interaction of broomcorn millet and Sporisorium destruens
Summary
Smut is a common plant disease [1,2], and is one of the major diseases of broomcorn millet (Panicum miliaceum L.), able to seriously affect production. This disease reduces yield, it leads to the contamination of grains and straws [3]. After Sporisorium destruens infects broomcorn millet, it ruins the grain harvest, and pathogens attach to the soil or seed to overwinter and become a source of infection. At the early heading stage, diseased broomcorn millet does not show significant differences compared to uninfected plants, and smut prevention and treatment in production is more difficult
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