Abstract
The study reveals that high-energy ball milling can be employed to induce controlled phase evolution in lead-free (Ba0.88Ca0.12)(Ti0.94Sn0.06)O3(BCST) ceramics. These piezoceramics were fabricated through solid-state sintering route using nanopowders produced by high-energy milling over durations varying from 5 to 30 h. Rietveld refinements confirm the co-existence of orthorhombic (O)-tetragonal (T) phases in the ceramics with their relative proportions systematically changing with the milling duration. The milling technique demonstrates its capability of enhancing the Curie temperature (Tc) appreciably –BCST's low Tc being a serious drawback for not making it a strong contender for replacing widely used PZT in piezoelectric industry. Additionally, the study shows the possibility of enhancing the high pyroelectric coefficient value by 260% and electrostrictive response to as high as 0.048 m4C-2 by only mechanical milling without any change in the ceramic composition. These observed values of pyroelectric and electrostrictive responses are much higher than even those of Pb-based materials.
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