Abstract

리더십은 바라보는 관점에 따라서 다양하게 해석될 수 있지만, 최근의 4차 산업혁명시대의 VUCA(Velocity, Uncertainty, Complexity, Ambiguity) 특징을 고려할 때 패러독스관점으로 해석하는 것이 타당하다. 본 연구는 이러한 전제하에 기존의 리더십이론들과 연구결과들을 종합하여 리더십패러독스행위 일곱 가지를 도출하고 각각에 대해서 분열생성(schimogenesis)과 두름성 (versatility) 측면에서 설명하였다. 여기에 제시된 과업초점 vs. 인간초점, 관리지향 vs. 전략지향, 리더중심 vs. 부하중심, 공식역할 vs. 비공식역할, 단면관계 vs. 다면관계, 혁신지향 vs. 거래지향, 그리고 원칙중시 vs. 적응중시 등 리더십패러독스 일곱 가지는 두름리더들이 상황의 필요에 따라 능수능란하게 발휘해야 하는 기본적 리더십행위들이다. 현장의 리더들은 과업에 집중하여 목표를 달성하는 한편 구성원들의 마음관리를 해야 하고, 관리를 철저히 하면서도 미래비전과 전략을 제시할 줄 알아야 하며, 독단이 필요할 때 과감하게 독단하면서도 참여와 위임도 할 줄 알아야 한다. 아울러 공식적 역할에 집중하면서도 비공식적 후원자역할도 수행하고, 부하를 위하면서도 상사, 동료, 외부인들까지를 포함한 폭넓은 사회적 자본을 구축할 수 있어야 한다. 한쪽에서 미래의 발전을 위해서 혁신을 추구하면서도 다른 한편으로는 현실적 보상과 인정을 잊지 말아야 하고, 윤리적 원칙에 충실하면서도 새로운 기회를 찾아 환경변화에 적절히 적응하는 모습도 보여줘야 한다. 이러한 두름리더십을 개발하기 위해서는 기존의 일방적 전달위주의 방식보다는 “리더십게임”을 통한 훈련방법이 더 바람직하다고 추천하였다. 본 연구의 한계와 향후의 연구방향을 논의하였다.Although there exist diverse interpretations on leadership, the present study assumed that the leadership paradox perspective should deserve the entitlement, “the most appropriate viewpoint on leadership”, considering the VUCA(Velocity, Uncertainty, Complexity, and Ambiguity) characteristics that the 4 th industrial revolution brings about. Based on this assumption, the current study extracted seven leadership paradox behaviors after comprehending the extant leadership theories and accumulated study results, and explains each paradox from the viewpoints of schimogenesis and versatility. The seven paradoxes presented here as in task-oriented vs. people-oriented, management-focus vs. strategy-focus, leader-centered vs. subordinates-centered, formal vs. informal roles, developing a singularly deep relationship vs. multiple relationships, innovation-push vs. transaction-saddled, principle-first vs. adaptability-first are the fundamental leadership behaviors that a versatile leader needs to demonstrate in response to situational demands. Leaders at work should focus on tasks and accomplish assigned goals while at the same time taking care of the minds of subordinates’; they also need to manage people thoroughly whereas showing the capability to articulate a vision and the strategy to achieve it; and the leaders should be able to demonstrate the capability to present decisive solutions to subordinates along with the abilities to make participative and delegatory decisions. Additionally, the leaders on site are supposed to play informal supportive roles while concentrating on formal roles; and they are also to build strong social capital with the personnel including the superior, peers, and outside network, while developing specially intimate relations with a few in-group subordinates. Finally the leaders on one hand should be capable of properly rewarding and recognizing subordinates for their present endeavors, while on the other hand pursuing relentless innovation necessary for the future of organization; and they need to show adaptability to respond properly to the environmental pressures by detecting and utilizing coming opportunities, simultaneously being loyal to the ethical principles. In this paper, it was suggested that “the leadership gaming method” is more appropriate to train and develop the versatile leaders than the existing one-side lecturing. Limitations of the present study were also described along with future research directions.

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