Le sursis

Abstract

The Respite Département des diagnostics de l'OFCE Following the upheavals of 1986, 1987 has so far been somewhat calmer. The depreciation of the dollar came to an end. The price of oil has come back to 18 $/bl and stabilised. Slow economic growth has continued in the major industrialised countries. World trade of manufactured goods continues to follow a slow upward trend, while the market shares of the main industrialised countries are slowly tending to display a more balanced pattern. Business conditions have therefore recently improved. But all this looks more like a respite than the first phase of stable world economic growth. The economic balances recently observed are indeed fragile. The major risk is of a rapid dollar fall that would trigger a restrictive monetary policy in the United States ; inflation is a major concern even if it does not yet show up. Even should this situation be avoided, the American economy is nervertheless likely to enter recession in 1988. Japan and Germany will lack dynamism. In the United Kingdom and Italy, where economic growth is currently fast, a slowdown will occur. A slight rise in the prices of oil and raw materials will enable LDC to increase their imports. But overall world trade will slacken. In France, economic growth will probably resume in the coming months but its magnitude will be small. GNP is projected to rise by 1,4 % in 1987 and 1,8 % in 1988. Household consumption is no longer sustained by real wages, which have stopped increasing, only by non- wage incomes and tax cuts. However social security deficits must be reduced, so that either benefits will have to be reduced or contributions increased. In any case, disposable personal income will slow down. Consumer borrowing will become more important so that consumption might rise by 2 %. Private productive investment has been able to grow, and will continue to do so, owing to an improvement in the financial situation of the firms that results from recent developments in the oil price and in wages. Restructuring continues, but that seems unlikely to lead to an acceleration in plant and equipment expenditures, given sluggish final demand. This appears clearly in the downward revision of planned expenditures recorded last spring in France as well as in other industrialised countries. Export performance will remain weak. Market shares will undoubtedly shrink despite the slight recovery of LDC imports and despite good performance in civil aeronautics and automobile vehicles. Production will not even keep pace with the small growth of final demand because imports will increase faster. Insufficient competitiveness accounts for the projected worsening of the trade deficit at a time when economic growth is slow. An increase of 3 % in productive investment in 1987 and 1988 will probably prove high enough to damage external trade but too low to restore competitiveness. The oil price fall will thus then have enabled France to record a current account surplus for only one year (i.e. 1986). An increased deficit will then be experienced, even though demand will lag behind that of France's economic partners.