Laufbahnen. Zwei Bilder verwalteter Welten in literarischer Begleitung: »Karriere« (A. Paul Weber) und »Abwärts-Aufwärts« (Uwe Pfeifer)

In the digital realm of the 21st century, the production and distribution of literature has changed drastically; writing literary texts is no longer a privilege of professional authors and publishers but has transformed into a participatory practice, with non-professional writers sharing their own literary narratives via social media platforms. This digital practice has become particularly relevant among teenagers and young adults as they increasingly use the opportunity of producing and sharing their own literary texts as a means of negotiating their identities and the social environments around them. Literature, thus, enables teenagers to participate in society by voicing their own personal and social concerns. Given their value in the context of engaging in these meaning-making processes on the one hand, and the role and importance of English as one of the lingua francas in digital realms on the other, these digital literary practices also need to be reflected in contemporary English language education (ELE). However, this hardly seems to be the case so far. Although literary texts still play a very prominent role, particularly in English as a foreign language (EFL) classrooms in Germany, current approaches to learning with literature still appear to perceive learners as recipients of professional literary texts, while production-oriented perspectives on teenagers as authors of their everyday lives, which go beyond post-reading creative tasks, seem to hold a most marginal position. Thus, digital texts written by learners (i.e., literary learner texts) are hardly considered as source texts. This theoretical contribution argues that contemporary practices of learning with literature need to be complemented by also focusing on literary works created by learners on multiple levels of classroom action. Drawing on interdisciplinary concepts, it explores the relevance of this focus in detail and makes first suggestions for framing literature classrooms based on literary learner texts.

The purpose of this scientific article is to highlight the importance of using the text and working with it as a central component of the educational context of a foreign language, and particularly the importance of working with the text for the formation of language competencies. Literary text is considered as a methodological and didactic tool for learning a foreign language. The importance and necessity of using literary texts in the process of learning a foreign language is explained by a few factors. Literary text is, firstly, a source of linguistic and cultural information about the people whose language is being studied (history, culture, social order, economic and political characteristics, and secondly, a source of knowledge about functioning of the language system and its manifestations during the creation of a literary work.The necessity to use a literary text in foreign language classes is also explained by the fact that working with the text contributes to the formation of worldview, own opinion, helps to develop statements about various situations in a foreign language. Working with the text forms, develops and improves all language competencies, if the text is selected methodically correctly. The main criteria for selecting a text for a foreign language lesson are compliance with the level of knowledge and compliance with the learning objective at a particular stage. Each literary text is in fact an inexhaustible source of information, and it is the teacher whose main responsibility is to teach a student how to extract, analyze and be able to use this information for discussion. Work on any literary text must be thoroughly thought through and logically planned. At the initial stage of learning a foreign language, one of the best literary genres is a fairy tale, which involves imagery, abstraction and teaching. It is particularly interesting to elaborate on a fairy tale, the content of which carries information about the national-linguistic picture of the world. Based on the selected fairy tale, just as on any other literary text, a number of practical tasks are offered, which are recommended to be performed in foreign language classes before, during and after getting acquainted with the content of the text. This type of activity allows you to reveal the creative potential of students, encouraging them to think creatively and comprehend the hidden content. Therefore, the reading aspect, through which we learn both the language and culture of another people, should be given special attention in the educational process.Keywords: foreign language classes, work with text, language competencies.

This study examines the institutional development of Ukraine's political system as a key factor in ensuring the state's institutional capacity. A comparison with the political system of the USA reveals the main differences and similarities in approaches to institutional development and their impact on public administration. Historical prerequisites, legal foundations, and contemporary challenges faced by the state as a subject of social relations are analyzed. Special attention is given to the role of institutions in ensuring the stability, efficiency, and transparency of public administration. The interaction between different branches of government, the influence of civil society, and international organizations on the institutional development of the political system as a factor in ensuring the state's institutional capacity are analyzed and highlighted. A comprehensive analysis of the institutional development of the political system and the economic component of public administration in the USA and Ukraine is conducted, identifying the main problems and providing recommendations for enhancing the state's institutional capacity in Ukraine. The analysis of the historical prerequisites for the development of the political systems of the USA and Ukraine allows us to understand how past events and decisions have influenced the current state of institutional capacity. In particular, it is shown that in the USA, a long history of democratic development and stable institutions has contributed to the formation of an effective system of public administration. In Ukraine, however, frequent changes in political course and instability have posed certain challenges to the institutional development of the political system. It is found that the legal foundations on which the political systems of both countries are based also significantly impact their institutional capacity. In the USA, a constitutional system with a clear separation of powers and checks and balances ensures the stability and efficiency of public administration. In Ukraine, the legal system requires further reforms to ensure greater transparency and accountability. The contemporary challenges faced by both countries include issues of security, economic stability, and social justice. In the USA, a developed system of institutions allows for effective responses to these challenges, while in Ukraine, it is necessary to strengthen institutional capacity to adequately address modern threats. The interaction between different branches of government is emphasized as an important aspect of institutional development. In the USA, clearly defined powers and responsibilities of each branch of government contribute to the effective functioning of the political system. In Ukraine, frequent conflicts between branches of government necessitate the improvement of mechanisms for interaction and cooperation. The influence of civil society and international organizations on institutional development is also an important factor. In the USA, an active civil society and cooperation with international organizations contribute to strengthening institutional capacity. In Ukraine, it is necessary to enhance the role of civil society and effectively utilize international assistance for institutional development. The results of the study can be useful for developing recommendations to improve Ukraine's institutional capacity based on the experience of the USA. The identified problems and proposed recommendations can serve as a basis for further reforms and the improvement of Ukraine's political system.

Based on the value concept of administrative division system reform, this paper analyzes the basic contents of administrative division system reform. The administrative division system is a local administrative system and an important part of a country's political system. The value of reforming the administrative division system is concentrated in maintaining socialist democracy and safeguarding citizens' rights. Therefore, in order to meet the requirements of the guiding ideology of the scientific concept of development, the system reform and construction in Chinese administrative division should be reformed and innovated in terms of ideas, strategic priorities and contents. Value concept, as a power of ideas, defines the direction and space of action for the government in the reform of the administrative system. As an important policy tool for regulating the distribution of powers and responsibilities of governments at all levels, administrative divisions must be guided by correct values. In short, in the reform of administrative divisions, we must coordinate economic and social development, coordinate regional development, coordinate the harmonious development of man and nature, and coordinate urban and rural development, follow the spirit of the scientific development concept, embody public opinion, and promote democracy.

The article explores the content of the ‘information society’ concept. The concept of a political and administrative management system has been studied. The structure and features of the political and administrative system have been determined. The main threats to managing modern political and administrative systems have been identified. The essence of the interaction between public administration and communications media in the conditions of requirement to ensiring national information security has been defined. The problems of public administration in the information field of Ukraine have been highlighted.

The research of the scientific and practical aspects of development and implementation of the information and analytical system of public administration concerning risks of emergencies is carried out in the work. The Government information and analytical system on emergencies can function in the modes of daily activity, increased readiness or emergency depending on the current situation and scale of possible or current emergency. However the present state system of the environment monitoring, which is a subsystem of the Government information and analytical system on emergencies, can't fully solve the given tasks and doesn't fit the established requirements actually even in the conditions of daily activity. Accordingly, the specified system demands essential improvement. The questions of public administration concerning risks of emergencies are investigated nowadays in various scientific works of numerous scientists. However information and analytical components of the specified processes still need essential completion. The purpose of this work is research of the scientific and practical aspects of development and implementation of the information and analytical system of public administration concerning risks of emergences. The problems of functioning of the state system of the environment monitoring are defined. The key tasks of public authorities and local government concerning organization of the environment monitoring are allocated. The conceptual model of the information and analytical system of public administration concerning risks of emergencies is developed. The method of the system analysis, heuristic method, and method of logical modelling are used in the work. The following problems of functioning of the state system of the environment monitoring are defined: imperfection of standard and legal support; insufficient coordination of activity of the subjects, which are carrying out environmental monitoring; lack of financial extra budgetary funds; obsolescence of material support of the subjects, who are engaged in environmental monitoring etc. The key tasks of public authorities and local government concerning organization of the environment monitoring are allocated. It is emphasized that the following ones have to be the prime components: coordination of functioning of the organizations and institutions at the regional, local and object levels on collecting and exchange of information concerning results of observation and control of condition of environment and formation of systems of information and communication appointment for the solution of problems of monitoring and forecasting of emergencies' risks. The conceptual model of information and analytical system of public administration concerning risks of emergencies is developed. This conceptual model integrates in its structure the technologies of collecting, transfer, exchange and storage of information on sources of emergencies and objects of monitoring and also includes the analysis technique, methods of modelling and forecasting of emergencies for territories. The given conceptual model is the system of information and analytical support of decision-making in Public service of Ukraine on emergency situations. The developed information and analytical system of public administration of emergencies' risks provides realization of the information processes in public authorities and local governments providing adoption of administrative decisions concerning emergencies' risks due to information collecting, processing, storage, transfer and security received as result of functioning of the state system of monitoring and forecasting of emergencies' risks with the corresponding accompanying documentation formation.

This research studies the development of constitutional systems among the Greeks in the cities of Athens and Sparta, in terms of the political and administrative system from the year 800 to 300 BC, that is, since the emergence of the first stages of the history of the Athenian constitution in the monarchy era, through the aristocratic and oligarchic regimes and the rule of tyrants, to the democratic system in Athens. Whereas every Greek city had its own political system that distinguishes it from others, which the nature of the terrain of their country contributed the greatest contribution to, as well as the idea of self-sufficiency for each Greek city, and the boldness of Greek thought. Rather, they took their position in the kingdom of thought and had the courage to research and ask questions to themselves and sought to perceive the universe in the light of reason. Therefore, a political system appeared in every city known as the city-state system. Thus, the Greek civilization provided for the development of political thought unless other human civilizations provided it. What the Greek philosophers presented in political thought during the fifth and fourth centuries BC still represents the basis on which modern political systems were built, and the research aims to To reveal the importance of the geography of the land of the Greeks, and its impact on their civilization, and to highlight the role of Greek philosophers in matters related to the organization of the state and government, and to trace the development of constitutional systems among the Greeks from the monarchy era to the democratic system in Athens, and to identify the reasons for the stagnation of political life in Sparta under the monarchy. The importance of study and research in this subject is due to the fact that it clarifies the opinions and ideas of the Greek philosophers on constitutional systems, and thus it is an attempt to add even a small part to the history of the constitutional systems of the Greeks‎‎. Keywords: Constitutional Systems, Athens and Sparta, Administrative System.

The Matter of Aesthetic Experience

The study of comparative public administration, as one of the important branches of administrative sciences, plays a key role in a deeper understanding of administrative and political systems in different countries. This approach provides the basis for evaluating the strengths and weaknesses of various systems by comparative analysis of administrative structures, processes and functions. The importance of this type of study is not only in identifying the best practices and efficient models of public administration, but also in identifying common global challenges such as administrative corruption, bureaucratic inefficiency and how to improve democratic governance. The comparative study of public administration also enables researchers and policymakers to assess the impact of cultural, economic, and political factors on the functioning of administrative systems and to provide innovative and evidence-based solutions for structural reforms. This type of study, especially in the era of globalization and the increasing complexity of governance issues, is considered an essential tool for promoting transparency, accountability and efficiency in government institutions. In this article, while explaining the theoretical foundations of the comparative study, examples of successful international experiences and their impact on improving decision-making and policy-making processes in different societies have been analyzed.

A condition for the sustainable functioning of the civil protection system is a clear understanding of the nature of crisis situations and emergencies in terms of public administration functions and tasks.
 An analysis of the functioning of the state system of technological and natural safety in Ukraine shows that modern principles of protection of the population and territories are implemented at an extremely slow pace.
 One of the main reasons for the low level of safety of the population, territories, social, technogenic and natural objects in Ukraine is the weakness of the state policy aimed at strengthening preventive activities in the field of technogenic and natural safety.
 Investigate the scientific component of managerial decision-making with a rapid change in the limits and boundary conditions of an emergency and the possibility of applying a crisis management methodology.
 The processes of making a management decision in the emergency are vital, for example, in the event of fires, catastrophes, natural disasters, where it is not just about the optimal use of material and financial resources, but first of all about people’s lives.
 Reducing the time for the development, adoption and implementation of managerial decisions, the growth of uncertainty and risk, the need to attract additional resources from the reserves, and the existence of different modes of functioning of the public administration system in the emergency conditions indicate that public administration in this area has certain features. Their consideration in the activities of state administration bodies under the emergency will reduce the likelihood of inadequate management decisions, will save resources and time to eliminate the consequences of the emergency, reduce losses.
 Crisis management methodology allows you to determine the two basic things about managing in an emergency, namely the vulnerability and sustainability of the operation of the object (industry, administrative territory). That is, vulnerability is the lack of ability to perform important functions before and after an emergency (such as evacuation, search and rescue, crisis communications, public information, etc.). Accordingly, sustainability is the ability to function under the influence of an emergency factor, to promote public awareness of an emergency, and to build capacity through hazard and vulnerability analysis, resource accumulation, planning, training and training of emergency response services and volunteers.
 Crisis and emergency activities involve close cooperation with various institutions and structures outside the usual context of communication. There are severe time constraints that prevent the identification of who is responsible for solving the problem. The key to this is the degree of readiness for action in such circumstances, a predefined range of responsibilities and a division of responsibilities, which implies the ability to take on a much larger range of challenges and potential threats compared to their existing experience.
 The degree of readiness for action in such circumstances and their effectiveness and efficiency may depend on the reputation of the institution and its management. In this respect, the crisis not only poses new threats to managers, but also opens up new opportunities for them (effective actions in crisis situations and emergencies can help the career growth and authority of the manager).
 Extremely important are the decision-making processes in emergencies, such as in the event of fires, technogenic disasters, natural disasters, when it comes not only to the optimal use of material and financial resources, but first and foremost about the lives of people.
 Reduced time for the development, adoption and implementation of management decisions, increasing uncertainty and risk, the need to attract additional resources from the reserves, the availability of different modes of functioning of the system of public administration in the conditions of the emergency indicate that public administration in this area has certain features. Their consideration in the activities of public administration bodies in the conditions of the emergency will reduce the likelihood of making inadequate management decisions, will help to save resources and time to eliminate the consequences of the emergency, and to reduce losses.

The article contains an integrated linguistic analysis of the genre composing lexical units and structures in contemporary British fiction, namely in literary prose texts on military themes (TMT), on the basis of pragmatic-stylistic, pragmatic-discourse and interpretative approaches. The research aims at the study of the lexical-semantic space of the latest British prose literary TMT, with the focus on the peculiarities of the trinity of its expansion, which includes lexical-semantic, lexical-thematic and lexical-associative directions of the military themes (MT) explication.The peculiarity of contemporary texts on military themes is a different degree of a war theme representation. It can be observed on the levels of macro-, meso- and micro-inclusions in the outline of a literary text. The leitmotiv idea (the problem of military conflicts and their destructive consequences) is encoded in the lexical structures thoroughly chosen by the author. The popularity of MT in the latest fiction texts is predetermined by the conflict actions taking place nowadays. Thus, from the pragmatic-discourse and anthropocentric points of view, the study of these fictional prose texts is extremely relevant given their lexical-semantic peculiarities.The outlining of the lexical-semantic, lexical-thematic and lexical-associative groups contributes to the detailed analysis of the functional representation of the lexical structures in the literary text at the deep and surface levels. The results of the research open the new perspectives to the study of the lexical-semantic structure of British fiction of the beginning of the XXI century from the points of new scientific paradigms.

The development of Croatian state administration was shaped by socialist legacies, the War of Independence (1991–1995), and democratic and economic transition in the post-conflict period that hindered opportunities and posed great challenges to build it in a modern, democratic way. Post-conflict institution building focused on reducing the political, economic and social consequences of the war, while the development and further modernisation of public administration was neglected by political elites. Accession to the European Union accelerated reforms aimed at harmonising Croatian public administration with basic European standards and values based on good governance. An analysis of the civil service system, transparency and accountability, respect of the rule of law, policymaking, coordination and regulation, efficiency and effectiveness, and the overall performance of the Croatian Government shows that certain progress has been made during this time. However, some of the legacies of war and post-war circumstances are still visible in the organisation and functioning of the Croatian state administration system, manifested especially in the position of national minorities and politicisation in the civil service system, high fragmentation and centralisation, citizen perception of widespread corruption in the political and administrative system, an authoritarian administrative culture, and the lack of influence of civil society and citizens in policymaking.

The general aim of this work is to contribute to understand the political transformations of theindigenous communities of the Andean region of Bolivia since the state reforms implemented in the decade of1990 and in a perspective that focuses in how the indigenous community, in our case the ayllu Kirkyawi, havepolitically reshaped in the new legal, institutional and political frame. We show that it is the “community”constructed from its own political system the one that might constitute juridically as “nation” in thecontext of the new Estado Plurinacional. That means that it’s necessary to go beyond the “recognition” ofthe ethnic and cultural diversity to the construction of a political and administrative system that opens thepossibility of the construction of a real indigenous autonomy; that’s to say, to determine the indigenousnations’ own political system, authorities system, the instances of participation and decision making andtheir own legislative practices; in a word, the possibility of self determination. This is the political projectthat arises from the community for the constitution of the nations of the Estado Plurinacional.

The article is devoted to the study of linguistic manifestations of intermediality in English-language literary texts of the 20th – 21st centuries. Intermediality is understood as a special type of structural interconnections within a work of art, based on the interaction of various types of art-languages in a system of single literary text. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of such figurative structures that enclose information about another type of art. In the course of the analysis, it was established that the implementation of intermedial connections of literary, musical and visual texts interacting in the space of the semiosphere is carried out by borrowing of compositional-structural and plot-shaped means, which leads to the creolization of the transmitted message, providing a pragmatic effect on the recipient with a combination of verbal-iconic elements . The intermedial mechanism of combining codes of different semiotic systems contributes to the transfer of an artistic image in the text at different levels of abstraction.

The article updates the importance of using modern information systems and technologies of public administration and administration in the context of European integration processes. It has been substantiated that the efficiency of the work of authorities at all levels is largely determined by the quality and efficiency of their information and analytical services. The essential-meaningful characteristic of the information system of public administration and administration has been determined by generalizing the views of domestic and foreign scientists. The structure of the information system was defined through the allocation of four main components: means of fixing and collecting information; means of transmitting the relevant data and messages; information storage means; means of analysis, processing and presentation of information. The directions of the functioning of interconnected information systems that ensure electronic interaction of public authorities of different countries in the context of digitalization and globalization of socio-economic relations with representatives of business structures and civil society, allowing to form elements of the "virtual community" and "digital power" as transformed forms of public administration were characterized. Among them are: free movement of information data; expansion of forms of audiovisual communication through the development of modern computer technology; interactivity of modern media tools used in the public administration system; anonymity of collective and individual communication on the Internet; the rapid dissemination of information using modern communications; modern means of forming and transmitting information. The technology of information exchange in the information system of public management and administration in the context of globalization and eurointegration has been formalized. The advantages of information technologies in public administration for the implementation of socio-economic cooperation projects is highlighted, including: creating conditions for the availability of information on significant economic and social issues; strengthening the level of mutual trust in society; strengthening feedback between state and public subjects of public administration relations; creation of innovative forms of public participation in public administration; the formation of sources of transparency in the actions of interacting institutions; ensuring productivity growth of e-government while reducing time and labor costs in information processing and decision-making.