Abstract
We propose novel strategies for end-to-end reliability-aware scheduling in Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks (IWSNs). Because of stringent reliability requirements in industrial applications where missed packets may have disastrous or lethal consequences, all IWSN communication standards are based on Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), allowing for deterministic channel access on the MAC layer. We therefore extend an existing generic and scalable reliability-aware scheduling approach by the name of SchedEx. SchedEx has proven to quickly produce TDMA schedules that guarantee a user-defined end-to-end reliability levelρ_for all multihop communication in a WSN. Moreover, SchedEx executes orders of magnitude faster than recent algorithms in the literature while producing schedules with competitive latencies. We generalize the original problem formulation from single-channel to multichannel scheduling and propose a scalable integration into the existing SchedEx approach. We further introduce a novel optimal bound that produces TDMA schedules with latencies around 20% shorter than the original SchedEx algorithm. Combining the novel strategies with multiple sinks, multiple channels, and the introduced optimal bound, we could through simulations verify latency improvements by almost an order of magnitude, reducing the TDMA superframe execution times from tens of seconds to seconds only, which allows for a utilization of SchedEx for many time-critical control applications.
Highlights
The advantages of wireless technologies with respect to flexibility and cost compared to wired solutions together with the introduction of industrial wireless communication standards have led to a growing deployment of Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks (IWSNs) [1]
For an adaptation of WSN for control applications in industrial automation, though, the communication protocol stack must in a scalable way offer end-to-end quality of service (QoS) guarantees which is an acknowledged research challenge lacking a general enough solution [2, 3]
Energyefficiency due to duty-cycling and a guaranteed access to the communication medium are avdantages of time-division medium access (TDMA), as opposed to the best-effort strategies based on carrier sensing [5, 6]
Summary
The advantages of wireless technologies with respect to flexibility and cost compared to wired solutions together with the introduction of industrial wireless communication standards have led to a growing deployment of Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks (IWSNs) [1]. For an adaptation of WSN for control applications in industrial automation, though, the communication protocol stack must in a scalable way offer end-to-end quality of service (QoS) guarantees which is an acknowledged research challenge lacking a general enough solution [2, 3]. Energyefficiency due to duty-cycling and a guaranteed access to the communication medium are avdantages of TDMA, as opposed to the best-effort strategies based on carrier sensing [5, 6]. This feature is especially relevant in densely populated sensor networks, with stringent QoS demands, such as for automation control in factories
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