Abstract
Four Late Quaternary phreatomagmatic eruptions occurred during different sea levels and paleoenvironments as determined by study of four tephra units containing fine-grained ash layers, and their relation to coastal features in the Aira caldera volcanic area. These units are: (1) Aira-Ito (22,000 BP), (2) Sakurajima-Satsuma (11,000 BP), (3) Sumiyoshiike (6700–7000 BP) and (4) Yonemaru (6500–6700 BP) formations. These formations contain base surge deposits as well as fine-grained ash fall from phreatomagmatic eruptions. The eruptions occurred under very different conditions of sea level heights and coastal environments. The Aira-Ito eruption occurred during the lowest sea-level stage; the Sakurajima-Satsuma eruption during rapid sea-level rise; and the Sumiyoshiike and Yonemaru eruptions during the final sea-level transgression. The sea-level heights relative to present sea level are 60 m and 20 m below, and 10–15 m above, respectively.
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