Abstract
Plasma X-ray sources for biological microscopy have been produced by focusing single shots from Nd:glass laser onto carbon rod targets at irradiances between 1 × 1013 W⋅cm−2 and 3 × 1013 W⋅cm−2 to expose test objects. The optimum parameters needed for obtaining high accurate information on the samples under test namely: the minimum energies and irradiances at a range of angles between the incoming laser beam and the normal to the resist, the depth of exposure of the photoresist as a function of incident laser energy (and irradiance) were concluded in this work.
Highlights
Plasma is formed when matter is brought to a highly ionized state by raising the temperature to a very high level typically for our considerations here between approximately 50 eV and few KeV
Plasma X-ray sources for biological microscopy have been produced by focusing single shots from Nd:glass laser onto carbon rod targets at irradiances between 1 × 1013 W∙cm−2 and 3 × 1013 W∙cm−2 to expose test objects
The Nd:glass laser produces a maximum energy of 10 J, 3 - 6 nsec pulses at 1.06 μm wavelength
Summary
Plasma is formed when matter is brought to a highly ionized state by raising the temperature to a very high level typically for our considerations here between approximately 50 eV and few KeV Natural sources such as stellar atmospheres and on earth, nuclear explosions or, in more controlled way tokomaks, pinch devices, sparks, and pulsed laser beams produce comparable temperatures within this range. Laser produced plasma X-ray sources approach, provide the capability to image nanostructures and chemical reactions down to nanometer resolution This precision microscopy is due to mainly the short wavelengths, short living time of X-rays and the ultrahigh-brightness of X-rays using this source. There is a need to detect, to target and neutralize cancer stem cells in order to prevent or treat a wide range of cancers
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