Laser and light-based therapy for hair growth and hair removal

Androgenetic alopecia is a slowly progressive form of alopecia which begins after the onset of puberty. Although it is a physiological phenomenon, it may carry deep social implications for the affected individual due to the significant changes it can cause in the outward appearance of the patient. In recent years, effective oral and topical medications have been developed for the management of androgenetic alopecia and are now used with increasing regularity in dermatological treatments. However, the fact remains that therapies with no scientific basis, and which, from the dermatological perspective, are entirely without effect, are still prevalent, with many patients unwittingly continuing to use these pointless therapies. Under these circumstances, collecting scientifically based information with a view to developing guidelines to promote standardized treatments for androgenetic alopecia is a crucial matter for both physician and patient alike. While guidelines for the diagnosis and management of androgenetic alopecia have been developed and are available for use in Europe and the USA, these guidelines are less readily accepted in Japan due to differences in race, health care and social background. For this reason, we have undertaken the creation of a set of guidelines for the management of androgenetic alopecia adapted to the circumstances specific to Japan. The Guideline Planning Committee, consisting of androgenetic alopecia specialists, was established as a cooperative venture between the Japanese Dermatological Association and the Society for Hair Science Research (SHSR). A comprehensive list of therapies was drawn up by the committee and assessed using a set of clinical questions (CQ) designed for the purpose. The committee members were tasked with answering these questions through a study of published clinical research results. They then individually prepared their respective structured abstracts while taking various factors into consideration in order to determine the level of recommendation to be accorded to the treatments. The guidelines were prepared as a tentative, standard regimen for management of androgenetic alopecia in Japan. Because it is important to provide optimal, individualized therapy for patients based on their background or clinical conditions, these guidelines were designed to assist in this endeavor. Therefore, it should be noted that physicians consulting these guidelines need neither to restrict their choice of therapy for individual patients nor limit their treatment policy in order to comply with the guidelines. It is unacceptable for the Guidelines Planning Committee to employ the guidelines in medical disputes or malpractice lawsuits, as such uses would significantly deviate from their original intent. The preparation of the guidelines was funded by a grant from the Japanese Dermatological Association. In cases where a member of the Guideline Preparation Committee was involved in the development of any relevant drug or therapy, he/she was barred from involvement in evaluating the said treatment recommendations. No other conflicts of interest were present among the members preparing the guidelines. The following databases were used to prepare the guidelines: Medline, PubMed, SCIRUSSCOPUS, Japana Centra Revuo Medicina WEB, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and papers accumulated by individual committee members. Relevant medical published work available in December 2009 was collected. Systematic reviews of randomized controlled trials (RCT) and each RCT paper were given priority as inclusion criteria. If these were not available, papers based on cohort and case–control studies were used. Case series studies were also consulted. Published work concerned with basic experiments or animal experiments was not included. Criteria for evidence level and recommendation degree used in the "Guidelines for the management of malignant skin cancer"1 were used in the present guidelines as shown below. I. Systematic review or meta-analysis. II. One or more randomized controlled trials. III. Controlled study without randomization. IV. Analytical epidemiological study (cohort study or case–control study). V. Descriptive study (case report or case series study). VI. Opinions of an expert committee or individual expertise. A. Strongly recommended (on the basis of at least one level I or level II evidence corroborating the efficacy of the treatment). B. Recommended (on the basis of at least one level II evidence of low quality, level III evidence of good quality or level evidence IV of extremely good quality corroborating the efficacy of treatment). C1. May be considered for use, but not sufficiently corroborated (level III–IV evidence of low quality, multiple level V evidences of good quality or level VI evidence approved by the committee). C2. Not recommended for use due to lack of evidence (there is either no evidence indicating efficacy or there is evidence indicating lack of efficacy). D. Recommended to be avoided (superior quality evidence indicates either harmful effect or no effect at all). It should be noted that the grade of recommendation specified in the text may not conform to the above-mentioned judgment criteria. The recommendation grade was determined by taking into account the evidence level, racial differences, insufficiency of evidence in some fields, the specific social circumstances in Japan and the utility of the guidelines themselves. The pathogenesis of androgenetic alopecia is characterized by a shortened anagen phase in the hair cycle and an increase in the number of hair follicles that remain in telogen. Clinically, hairs from the frontal area to the vertex of the scalp become thin and short vellus hairs, resulting in a receding frontal hairline and hair loss in the vertex.2-7 In contrast to telogen effluvium, pattern hair loss is a characteristic of androgenetic alopecia. In Japanese male subjects, androgenetic alopecia occurs most significantly during the late 20s and 30s, gradually progressing to complete baldness after the forties. Unlike in men, hair loss patterns in women are observed in a relatively wide area of the vertex. The incidence of androgenetic alopecia in Japanese men of all ages, based on data collected 25 years ago,8 was the same as it is today, at approximately 30%. The incidence is approximately 10% among men in their 20s, 20% for those in their 30s, 30% for those in their 40s and approximately 40% for those in their 50s and older, thus clearly exhibiting an increasing trend with age.9 Although the onset and progression of androgenetic alopecia are associated with heredity and androgen,10 androgen receptor gene polymorphism on the X chromosome and disease-related genes on the autosomal chromosomes 3q26 or 20p11 have recently been identified as possible contributory genetic factors.11 Generally, androgen stimulates bone and muscle development and function while also promoting significant hair growth in areas such as the beard or chest hair. However, androgen also induces vellus hair transformation in the androgen-sensitive hair follicles in the frontal area or vertex. While androgen receptors are present in the dermal papilla cells of androgen-sensitive hair follicles, testosterone delivered to the dermal papilla cells of the hair follicles of the beard, frontal area and the vertex is converted to dihydrotestosterone (DHT), a much more potent androgen, via the action of type II 5α-reductase. DHT-bound androgen receptors induce growth factors or other similar factors in the beard, resulting in anagen prolongation. In contrast, DHT-bound androgen receptors in the androgen-sensitive hair follicles of the frontal or vertex area are reported to induce transforming growth factor-β or other factors which inhibit hair matrix cell proliferation, resulting in shortening of the anagen phase.12 The diagnosis of androgenetic alopecia is based on the following considerations: progression of hair loss, family history of thinning and visual confirmation of a receding frontal hairline, and the presence of thin and short hairs in the frontal area and vertex. Use of a magnifying glass or dermoscopy may assist diagnosis. For the clinical classification of androgenetic alopecia, Ogata's classification has been used in Japan9 and Norwood's classification in Western countries.4 At present, a method of classification combining Norwood's classification with the type II vertex in Takashima's classification8 is widely used in Japan. Diagnosis of androgenetic alopecia is relatively easy, but it is important to exclude chronic diffuse type alopecia areata, idiopathic chronic telogen effluvium, diffuse alopecia associated with systemic diseases such as collagen diseases and chronic thyroiditis, and the effect of general conditions such as anemia, crash diets, wasting disease, drugs and hormone replacement therapy. The treatment for androgenetic alopecia in Japan was evaluated using the following CQ. Published therapeutic procedures or guidelines for androgenetic alopecia overseas are listed as references.2, 3, 5, 6 Table 1 shows the clinical questions and the recommendation grades for each CQ. A treatment algorithm shown in Figure 1 was formulated with reference to the recommendation grade and comments for each CQ. Treatment algorithm. At present there are no objective data indicating the therapeutic utility of wigs, hairpieces or toupees for androgenetic alopecia, nor are there any studies of the impact of prosthetics like wigs and other hairpieces on body image or quality of life of androgenetic alopecia patients. Such prosthetics are not considered a treatment per se for androgenetic alopecia, but may nonetheless serve the important purpose of ameliorating the appearance of patients, with the added benefit of not having any known side-effects. For this reason, the Guidelines Planning Committee does not discourage the use of wigs. Comments: Topical applications of 5% minoxidil should be used as a first-line topical treatment for men, and 1% minoxidil as a first-line topical treatment for women. Description: Three 12-week randomized controlled trials with 2% minoxidil and 3% minoxidil performed in approximately 150 male patients followed by long-term administration (24 months)1-3 revealed that more than 1 year of treatment with 2% minoxidil and 3% minoxidil significantly promoted hair growth compared with the placebo group and induced no severe adverse reactions.1-3 Furthermore, two 12-week4 and 24-week5 randomized controlled trials with 2% minoxidil and 5% minoxidil demonstrated that 5% minoxidil significantly increased hair growth and volume compared with 2% minoxidil4 and induced no systemic adverse reaction.5 Moreover, 24-week randomized controlled trials with 1% minoxidil and 5% minoxidil performed on Japanese male patients showed a significant stimulatory effect on hair growth with the latter compared to the former, with no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions.6 A 24-week randomized controlled trial performed on Japanese adult female androgenetic alopecia patients demonstrated significant hair growth with the use of 1% minoxidil compared to the placebo.7 Two 32-week randomized controlled trials were performed abroad on approximately 300 female patients, confirming the efficacy of 2% minoxidil.8, 9 Additionally, one non-randomized controlled trial focusing on adverse reactions resulting from a 1-year use of topical 2% minoxidil or a placebo in more than 20 000 male and female patients showed no significant difference in the incidence of adverse events.10 Because there is good evidence demonstrating the stimulatory effects of topical minoxidil on hair growth, 5% minoxidil is strongly recommended as a first-line treatment for men, and 1% minoxidil as a first-line treatment for women. Comments: May be considered for use. Description: A bilateral comparison study performed on androgenetic alopecia patients demonstrated the effect of 5% carpronium chloride on the promotion of hair growth or the inhibition of the progression of alopecia in four out of six patients over a 1–6-month period relative to a placebo group.1 Two pre- and post-treatment studies demonstrated that the topical application of 10% and 5% carpronium chloride over a 2–6-month period promoted hair growth or suppressed alopecia progression in two out of four and three out of five patients, respectively.2, 3 However, the number of patients in each clinical study was small, and consisted only of males. Additionally, the subjective methods used for judging the results did not allow statistical analysis, resulting in an evidence level equivalent to that of case reports. Thus, the studies failed to demonstrate a distinct hair growth effect. However, a 12-week treatment of 30 androgenetic alopecia patients (without tabulation by sex) using Karoyan Apogeeca (Daiichi-Sankyo Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan), which consists primarily of 1% carpronium chloride with added herbal medicines such as Kashuu tincture and Chikusetsu ginseng tincture, showed a moderate or higher response in 20% of the patients and a slight response or higher in 60.0% of patients.4 Moreover, a 24-week topical hair treatment using solutions consisting of 2% carpronium chloride, the above herbal medicines, and hinoki-chioru in 86 androgenetic alopecia patients showed a moderate improvement rate of 26.7% in men, 54.5% in women, and a slight improvement rate of 89.3% in men and 90.9% in women.5 This is the only paper in which subjects were evaluated separately by sex. Although the benefits of monotherapy with carpronium chloride have not been sufficiently demonstrated, we recommend its use on the basis of its proven utility in Japan, where it is often prepared in formulas containing herbal ingredients. (Carpronium chloride, a reverse carboxyl analogue of acetylcholine, has a vasodilatory effect.) Comments: May be considered for use. Description: There are two papers showing the efficacy of t-flavanone for the treatment of androgenetic alopecia. A bilateral study of a tonic containing either t-flavanone or a placebo was performed using 14 male subjects. A 6-month course of treatment increased the average diameter of hairs generally, while it increased the average diameter of new hairs specifically by approximately 20%, relative to pretreatment measurements. Furthermore, topical application of t-flavanone significantly decreased the number of shed hairs to 20% or less by the end of the 4–6-month treatment period, while the placebo did not show any change.1 A non-randomized controlled study using a tonic containing t-flavanone, a placebo, and a commercially available product was performed on 197 male subjects. This study showed improvement rates of 53.1% for the tonic containing the t-flavanones, 34.8% for the commercial tonics and 17.9% for the placebo group, demonstrating that the t-flavanone-containing tonic and the commercially available brands significantly improved the subjects' condition compared with the placebo group. Moreover, the first two groups showed an increase in the number of terminal hairs of 40 μm or more in diameter, whereas the placebo group showed a decrease in the number.2 All of the above-mentioned papers targeted male patients. There are as yet no reports examining effects on female subjects. As shown above, only a small number of studies contain significant evidence demonstrating the stimulatory effects of t-flavanone on hair growth. Nonetheless, we recommend it on the basis of its having minimal side-effects. However, its benefits for female subjects remain unknown. (t-Flavanone is a synthetic compound derived from astilbin, an active component of Hypericum perforatum extracts.) Comments: May be considered for use. Description: Two papers have demonstrated the efficacy of adenosine for the treatment of androgenetic alopecia, one for male patients and the other for female patients. In a non-randomized controlled trial using male subjects, 102 men received a 6-month, twice-daily topical application of a lotion containing adenosine or nicotinamide as a control. The results indicated a slight or higher improvement rate in 41 out of 52 patients (80.4%) in the adenosine-containing lotion group and in 16 out of 50 patients (32.0%) in the control group, demonstrating a significant difference between the two groups. In terms of hair diameter, the proportion of vellus hairs (<40 μm in diameter) decreased by several percentage points while the proportion of non-vellus hairs (≥60 μm in diameter) increased by approximately 10% after a 6-month treatment regimen using adenosine-containing lotion.1 In a double-blind study for female subjects, 30 women with female pattern alopecia received a 12-month, twice-daily topical application of adenosine-containing lotion or placebo lotion for 12 months. The effect was gauged by means of the physician's subjective evaluation and interpretation of photographic evidence. The results indicated a mild or higher improvement in 11 out of 13 patients (85%) in the adenosine-containing lotion group and in five out of 14 patients (36%) in the placebo group, indicating statistically significant improvement in the former. No significant difference was observed between the two groups in the anagen hair rate, vellus hair rate and hair density. A significant increase was observed in the anagen hair rate and non-vellus hair rate (diameter of ≥80 μm) in the adenosine-containing lotion group at 6 and 12 months post-treatment. Additionally, self-evaluations by the subjects displayed rendered higher values in the adenosine-containing lotion group in terms of the increase in new hair growth at 12 months post-treatment, hair growth at 6 months post-treatment and suppression of hair loss at 6 and 12 months post-treatment.2 As mentioned above, although there is not much evidence demonstrating the stimulatory effect of adenosine on hair growth, we recommend it on the basis of its having minimal side-effects. Comments: May be considered for use. Description: Two papers have demonstrated the efficacy of cytopurine and pentadecane in the treatment of androgenetic alopecia. In a double-blind study of cytopurine, 86 male subjects received a 16-week, twice-daily topical application of a solution containing 0.5% cytopurine (CTP) or 59% ethanol as a control. The results indicated that patients in the CTP group improved in terms of their "sparse terminal hair", "vellus hair" and "scaling" ; what is more, there was a marked tendency for increased growth after 16 weeks as compared to after 8 weeks. In terms of the overall improvement rate, slight improvement was observed in two patients in the placebo group and in 12 patients in the CTP group, demonstrating a significant improvement in the CTP group (P < 0.01). The utility rating (taking into account the side-effects) was "slightly useful" or higher for three patients (7%) in the placebo group and 20 patients (47%) in the CTP group, showing a significantly higher value for the CTP group.1 In a double-blind study of pentadecane, 150 men received a twice-daily topical application of a tonic containing 2.5% pentadecanoic acid glyceride (PDG) or ethanol as a control for 24 weeks. As a result, improvement rates (based on changes in the quantities of shed hair at the time of hair washing, the generation of vellus hairs and the change from vellus to terminal hair) were significantly higher in the PDG group than in the control group. Evaluation of both efficacy and adverse reactions showed a significantly higher utility rating for the PDG group (76.0%) in comparison to the control group (32%).2 These results were obtained from male subjects only. As yet, there are no studies examining the efficacy in female subjects. Although there are some reports demonstrating hair growth effects due to cytopurine/pentadecane, the number of studies is insufficient. We recommend this treatment as a topical therapy on the basis of it having minimal side-effects. The utility of this agent for the treatment of female subjects is unknown. (Pentadecane is pentadecanoic acid glyceride and cytopurine [6-benzylaminopurine] is a synthetic cytokinin). Comments: Not recommended for use. Description: Only one Japanese case report showed the efficacy of the topical application of cepharanthine for the treatment of androgenetic alopecia. This report claims that administration of topical cepharanthine to a 46-year-old male androgenetic alopecia patient receiving topical 5% minoxidil and oral 1% finasteride resulted in hair growth in the frontal area after 4 months.1 The effects in female patients have not been investigated. The benefit of topical cepharanthine has yet to be demonstrated. Hence, we do not recommend its clinical use until its efficacy is proven by clinical trials. (Cepharanthine is a biscoclaurin alkaloid derived from Stephania cepharantha.) Comments: May be considered for use. Description: While some studies conducted abroad report the efficacy of oral ketoconazole treatment, oral ketoconazole is not available in Japan. We will therefore evaluate the efficacy of topical ketoconazole application in this section. Three reports examined the efficacy of topical ketoconazole in male patients with androgenetic alopecia. A pre- and post-treatment study of the daily topical application of a lotion containing 2% ketoconazole (KCZ) was performed using six androgenetic alopecia patients who washed their hair daily with the lotion for 10–12 months. A decrease in hair loss was observed in two patients based on evaluations by a dermatologist.1 Furthermore, a pre- and post-treatment study of the topical application of the 2% KCZ lotion twice-daily for 6 months conducted in 17 men with androgenetic alopecia showed a trend toward improvement based on evaluations by a dermatologist. Pull test results also significantly improved in these patients. Seventy-six percent of these patients demonstrated slight or higher improvement in hair growth, indicating the efficacy of this drug.2 In a comparative study of 2% KCZ shampoo and a commercial shampoo (control) in 39 androgenetic alopecia patients, hair diameter (D μm) and anagen hair rate (A%) were measured to calculate the pilary index (PI) ([A%] × [D μm] = [PI]). Results showed that the PI value increased starting at 6 months post-treatment, and reached equilibrium at months post-treatment, in the 2% KCZ group. In contrast, the PI values decreased gradually in the control All reported studies were conducted using male no studies have been performed to the efficacy of KCZ in female patients. As shown above, there is some evidence the efficacy of topical applications of ketoconazole on hair growth, we recommend its use as a topical therapy for male patients. However, its efficacy for female subjects is unknown. Comments: It should be used as a first-line oral therapy in male patients and should not be used in female patients. Description: is an of type which testosterone into dihydrotestosterone good overseas randomized controlled one good randomized controlled and one non-randomized controlled performed using male patients have demonstrated the effects of the oral administration of finasteride using changes in hair hair and photographic as A clinical study showed a mild improvement or higher in of subjects and no change or higher in based on photographic of the vertex area in a 1 treatment 11 Furthermore, a non-randomized controlled in which treatment was for years as an showed that oral finasteride showed mild or higher improvement rates in and of patients, demonstrating a trend improvement over Although overseas clinical studies have been performed using male patients years or older, confirming the of clinical studies have only been performed using male patients 20 years or Thus, oral administration of finasteride should be to patients 20 years or in Japan, its has not been established in patients. The among is that the drug should be used for at least 6 and its effects evaluated after 12 months of use. of oral treatment is known to in the of in a clinical study over 1 year using 1 oral finasteride treatment showed a incidence of such as and decrease in demonstrating no significant difference from the placebo patients although its is unknown. For this reason, patients should be during treatment, which be is Furthermore, in a randomized controlled 1 oral finasteride treatment over weeks decreased a by approximately of a patient with androgenetic alopecia receiving finasteride therapy, a evaluation should be to for the other one good overseas randomized controlled trial that finasteride is in female androgenetic alopecia it is not approved for use in women. Furthermore, finasteride treatment in women may the development of male or other due to a decrease in it is for use in women, women who may become or women. In there is good evidence of the efficacy of oral finasteride on hair growth, we strongly recommend its use as a first-line drug for oral treatment of androgenetic alopecia in male patients. However, we do not its use in female patients given that it is in women and in Comments: Hair should be performed by for the benefit of patients who have shown improvement after treatment with oral finasteride or topical Description: Although there are no reviews or randomized controlled trials on the benefits of hair there are cases in and in of of hair from the area to the affected has multiple reports which indicated that hair has a rate of or a fact that its use as a standard form of treatment for alopecia. Although the level of evidence hair is not the committee this treatment a grade recommendation only in the cases where it can be performed by a with and Additionally, the treatment should be a in cases where oral finasteride treatment or topical application of minoxidil has an effect. This was after due of the and for this treatment and on the degree of the to the patient by the hair using synthetic hairs, there have been many reports of adverse effects from this The and the use of synthetic However, the of and of Japan does not the use of synthetic The Treatment in Japan will not be as as the is performed at an medical There is evidence that the benefits the of hair There are adverse effects that be not as to inclusion in an evidence For these we do not the use of hair in medical structured abstracts on were not listed there are no data a evidence

Chapter 8 - Hair Removal in Darker Skin Types Using Light-Based Devices

Hair loss is a common condition that affects both men and women and can significantly affect the quality of life. However, existing substances used to treat hair loss have several side effects. Here, we show that a novel Mito-Activator Complex (MiAc), consisting of nicotinamide and its derivatives (nicotinamide riboside chloride, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) and epigallocatechin gallate, stimulates mitochondrial activity and promotes hair growth. In vitro analyses such as ATP assay and mitochondrial content assay, etc. were conducted in human dermal papilla cells (hDPCs) and human dermal fibroblasts (hDFs), and a 6-month human application tests for two formulations on adult men and women were also conducted to confirm changes in hair count, skin safety, etc. RESULTS: In vitro analyses showed that ATP level, mitochondrial content and expression of mitochondrial factors and the hair growth secretome increased following treatment with MiAc. An exploration of the link between mitochondrial activity and hair growth using dorsomorphin, an AMPK inhibitor that regulates mitochondrial homeostasis, showed that MiAc rescued dorsomorphin-induced suppression of the expression of mitochondrial factors and the hair growth secretome, confirming that mitochondrial activity is closely related to hair growth. The Mito-Activator Complex also improved cell viability, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) level and cell migration in hDPCs and dermal hDFs. Furthermore, a clinical trial evaluating formulations with MiAc showed significant improvements in hair density and growth over 24 weeks, with no adverse effects reported. The approach of this study to promote hair growth through mitochondrial activation was successful. In addition, when applied to the human body beyond the invitro level, a significant increase in hair growth was obtained without any side effects. In conclusion, this study suggested a promising candidate for hair loss treatment.

Transgender and gender-diverse (TGD) adolescents often face dermatologic concerns during gender-affirming care but may face limited access to dermatologists. This review aims to provide practical guidance for pediatricians on managing common dermatologic needs in TGD adolescents, including acne, hair growth promotion or removal, and post-surgical scarring within the context of gender-affirming care. Acne management should consider the impact of testosterone therapy and chest binding, with treatment options including topical retinoids, benzoyl peroxide, oral antibiotics, combined oral contraceptives, and spironolactone. Topical minoxidil may be considered for the promotion of facial, and scalp hair growth. Hair removal methods and complications such as pseudofolliculitis barbae should be discussed with TGD adolescents seeking temporary or permanent hair removal. Hypertrophic scarring and keloids may occur after gender-affirming chest reconstruction, with management involving topical silicone gel and adhesive silicone sheeting. TGD adolescents may struggle to identify specialists trained in gender-affirming dermatologic care and may delay or avoid care due to past mistreatment in clinical settings. Pediatricians play a key role in managing the dermatologic concerns of TGD adolescents by creating a gender-affirming, safe, and supportive care environment and facilitating early dermatology referrals when appropriate.

Hair growth is influenced by a combination of genetic and environmental factors, requiring compounds like flavonoids and saponins to stimulate growth and improve blood circulation to hair follicles. Red chilli (Capsicum) contains beneficial compounds such as saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, and quinones, while Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO), rich in lauric acid, is traditionally used for hair nourishment. This research aims to develop a hair-nourishing preparation, known as cemceman oil, combining VCO and chilli oil, and to evaluate its effectiveness in promoting hair growth and its physical stability. Using an experimental method, cemceman oil was formulated with chilli oil at concentrations of 1%, 2%, and 4%. The preparation was topically applied to the skin of white rats, and hair length was measured on days 7, 14, and 21, with hair weight assessed on day 21. Results indicated that the formulation with 4% chilli oil produced the most significant increase in hair growth. Additionally, preparations with 1%, 2%, and 4% chilli oil demonstrated good physical stability under room and high-temperature storage conditions. This research concludes that a formulation combining VCO and 4% chilli oil is highly effective in enhancing hair growth, offering potential implications for natural hair care products focused on promoting hair health and growth.

Introduction Alopecia and graying hair, common conditions influenced by aging, genetics, and environmental factors, often see limited success with traditional treatments. Rosemary extract, valued for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory benefits, has gained attention for promoting hair growth and reducing graying. Redensyl™, a plant-based ingredient, supports hair follicle regeneration and enhances hair density. This study examines theeffectiveness of Soulflower Rosemary Redensyl Hair Growth Serum (Tetragain™), which is formulated using Redensyl, Oryza sativa (rice) water extract , Salvia hispanica (chia) seed extract, rosemary oil, MelanoGray™, and AnaGain™, in promoting hair growth, enhancing follicular activity, and reducing graying. Methods This open-label, single-arm, prospective interventional study evaluated the safety, efficacy, and tolerability of a hair growth and anti-gray hair serum. Ethical approval was obtained, and participants provided informed consent. The study measured changes in hair growth rate, length, density, thickness, anagen:telogen (A:T) ratio, hair fall, graying severity, and scalp appearance using a phototrichogram (CASLite Nova, Catseye Systems & Solutions Pvt Ltd, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India), the 60-second hair comb test, and dermatological evaluations. Consumer perception of the test treatment was evaluated using a questionnaire. Statistical analysis was conducted using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 29.0.1.0 (Released 2023; IBM Corp., Armonk, New York, United States) and Microsoft Excel 2019 (Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, Washington, United States), with results reported at a 5% significance level. Results The study found that applying a test treatment led to a significant reduction in gray hairs and an improvement in hair growth over the study duration of 120 days after the use of the test treatment. Hair growth rate was enhanced by 46.71% on Day 90, hair length improved by 35.40% on Day 87, A:T Ratio improved by 48.26% on Day 90, hair density improved by 37.92%, hair thickness improved by 80.85% on Day 120, reduction in hair fall observed by 64.89% on Day 120, improvement in Graying Severity Score improved by 64.89% after the use of the test treatment, which was statistically significant (p-value of <0.001). The experience of the test was reported by all the subjects as 'effective'in improving hair growth and gray hairs and they were satisfied after use. No adverse effectswere observed during the study. Conclusion The test treatment, Soulflower Rosemary Redensyl Hair Growth Serum (Tetragain), exhibited a favorable safety profile, with no reported adverse reactions, making it suitable for regular use in daily hair care routines. Its formulation effectively enhances hair density, reduces hair fall, and addresses early signs of graying, providing a clinically supported option for individuals seeking to improve hair health and maintain natural color. This formulation can normalize the hair growth cycle, thereby fostering an optimal environment for sustained hair growth.

To observe the effect and mechanism of Dendrobium candidum polysaccharides (DCP) in promoting hair growth, in order to lay a foundation for the development and utilization of D. candidum. The water-extraction and alcohol-precipitation method was adopted to extract DCP, and the phenol-sulphuric acid method was used to determine its content. Thirty C57BL6J mice were collected to establish the hair loss model with hair removal cream. They were randomly divided into the control group, the positive control group and the DCP group, and given 0.2 mL of ultra-pure water, minoxidil tincture and DCP (5.0 g x L(-1)) 21 days. The mice hair growth scoring standard was adopted to evaluate the hair growth of C57BL/6J mice at 7, 14 d. The hairs in unit hair-losing areas of treated C57BL/6J mice at 21 d were weighed to evaluate the effect of DCP on the promotion of hair growth. MTT assay and RT-PCR method were used to evaluate the effect of DCP on the proliferatin of HaCaT cells and the mRNA expression of VEGF in HaCaT cells. The extraction percent of DCP was 29.87%, and its content was 79.65%. The average scores for the hair growth and weight of C57BL/6J mice of DCP group were much higher than the control group. The survival rate and mRNA expression of VEGF of HaCaT cells were much higher than the control group. DCP has the effect in promoting hair growth. Its mechanism may be related to the up-regulation of the mRNA expression of VEGF.

Fish-derived collagen hydrolysate (CH) has shown promise in improving hair and skin health. Therefore, this study sought to comprehensively assess the effects of CH extracted from Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) scales on hair and skin using in vitro and in vivo models. Human dermal papilla cells (hDPCs) were used for antioxidant and gene expression analyses, while C57BL/6 mice were orally administered CH for six weeks to assess hair growth patterns. The mice were divided into four groups: negative control (NC; distilled water), positive control (PC; 1 mg/kg finasteride), CH500 (500 mg/kg BW CH), and CH1000 (1000 mg/kg BW CH). CH mitigated catalase activity reduction in hDPCs, increased IGF-1 and VEGF levels, and decreased TGF-β1, TNF-α, and IL-1β expression. In vivo, CH treatment improved hair growth index, length, diameter, weight, and density. Scanning electron microscopy revealed reduced hair damage. Moreover, CH up-regulated IGF-1, VEGF, Elastin, and HAS2 mRNA expression while down-regulating TNF-α and IL-1β. CH enhanced hair shine, growth, and skin health while alleviating inflammation. These findings demonstrate the potential of CH in alleviating oxidative stress, promoting hair growth, and enhancing skin health, both in vitro and in vivo. Fish-derived CH offers a cost-effective and bioavailable option for improving hair and skin health.

Unwanted hair growth is a common aesthetic problem. Laser hair removal has emerged as a leading treatment option for long-term depilation. To extensively review the literature on laser hair removal pertaining to its theoretical basis, current laser and light-based devices, and their complications. Special treatment recommendations for darker skin types were considered. A comprehensive literature search related to the long-pulse alexandrite (755nm), long-pulse diode (810nm), long-pulse neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG; 1,064nm), and intense pulsed light (IPL) system, as well as newer home-use devices, was conducted. The literature supports the use of the alexandrite, diode, Nd:YAG and IPL devices for long-term hair removal. Because of its longer wavelength, the Nd:YAG is the best laser system to use for pigmented skin. Further research is needed regarding the safety and efficacy of home-use devices. Current in-office laser hair removal devices effectively provide a durable solution for unwanted hair removal.

Necrosulfonamide promotes hair growth and ameliorates DHT-induced hair growth inhibition

To explore the mechanisms, formulations, delivery strategies, and therapeutic potential of phytochemicals in promoting hair growth, emphasizing their effects on hair follicle physiology and growth cycles. Databases including PubMed, Springer, Wiley Online Library, Web of Science, CBM, CNKI, Elsevier, Google Scholar, and other databases were searched using key terms such as "phytochemicals," "hair growth," "hair follicles," "growth factors," and "natural treatments" were used to identify experimental and clinical studies on phytochemicals affecting hair growth. Key phytochemicals stimulate hair follicles and promote keratinocyte proliferation. Malva verticillata influences the (Wingless/Integrated and β-catenin) Wnt/β-catenin pathway and AKT (protein kinase B) signaling. Elephantopus scaber L. extracts elevate insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), while Sophora flavescens boosts IGF-1 and keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) by increasing mRNA levels. Similarly, Epigallocatechin-3-gallate activates AKT signaling, caffeine reduces transforming growth factor-β2 (TGF-β2) and raises IGF-1, and Carthamus tinctorius enhances VEGF and KGF while suppressing TGF-β1. Although evidence highlights their potential, challenges remain in improving bioavailability and standardizing formulations. Phytochemicals offer natural, safer alternatives for promoting hair growth with fewer side effects than conventional drugs. Further research is needed to optimize formulations and improve bioavailability.

Hair diversity, its style, colour, shape and growth pattern is one of our most defining characteristics. The natural versus temporary style is influenced by what happens to our hair during our lifetime, such as genetic hair loss, sudden hair shedding, greying and pathological hair loss in the various forms of alopecia because of genetics, illness or medication. Despite the size and global value of the hair care market, our knowledge of what controls the innate and within-lifetime characteristics of hair diversity remains poorly understood. In the last decade, drivers of knowledge have moved into the arena of genetics where hair traits are obvious and measurable and genetic polymorphisms are being found that raise valuable questions about the biology of hair growth. The recent discovery that the gene for trichohyalin contributes to hair shape comes as no surprise to the hair biologists who have believed for 100years that hair shape is linked to the structure and function of the inner root sheath. Further conundrums awaiting elucidation include the polymorphisms in the androgen receptor (AR) described in male pattern alopecia whose location on the X chromosome places this genetic contributor into the female line. The genetics of female hair loss is less clear with polymorphisms in the AR not associated with female pattern hair loss. Lifestyle choices are also implicated in hair diversity. Greying, which also has a strong genetic component, is often suggested to have a lifestyle (stress) influence and hair follicle melanocytes show declining antioxidant protection with age and lowered resistance to stress. It is likely that hair research will undergo a renaissance on the back of the rising information from genetic studies as well as the latest contributions from the field of epigenetics.

Simultaneous effects of tocopheryl polyethylene glycol succinate (TPGS) on local hair growth promotion and systemic absorption of topically applied minoxidil in a mouse model

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is effective in the treatment of androgenetic alopecia (AGA). The purpose of this study is to assess the effect of PRP on the proliferation of human follicle dermal papilla cells (HFDPCs), to observe the effect of PRP on the growth of hair follicles and hair shaft in vitro, to measure growth factors, and to evaluate the efficacy and safety of PRP injection. The effect of PRP on the proliferation of HFDPCs was observed. The length of hair follicle and hair shaft in vitro was measured. Then, the concentration of growth factors (EGF, FGF-2, FGF-7, IGF-1, HGF, PDGF-BB, and VEGF-A) was evaluated. Half-head injection of PRP was conducted to 10 males. Three treatments were conducted at 30-day intervals. Digital photographs were taken; hair diameter, hair density, unit density of hair follicles, and terminal hair/ vellus hair were analyzed. Platelet-rich plasma significantly promoted the proliferation of HFDPCs. Under the PRP culture, the hair follicle and hair shaft were grown, and the hair growth length on the 3rd and 6th days was greater than that of the control. PRP contained growth factors such as EGF, FGF-2, FGF-7, IGF-1, HGF, PDGF-B, and VEGF-A. Hair diameter, hair density, and unit hair follicle density on the PRP injection side peaked in the 6th month. The terminal hair/ vellus hair of the PRP injection side reached a peak in the 4th month. The average patient satisfaction during the entire treatment was 5.4 points (0-10 points). Platelet-rich plasma can promote hair growth. PRP injection is safe and effective for the treatment of AGA.

Noninvasive diagnostic tools, such as Trichoscan®, reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM), and optical coherence tomography (OCT), are efficient methods of hair shaft and growth evaluation. The aim of this study was to carry out a comparative assessment of these three medical procedures by measuring the hair shaft and hair growth after hair removal for a defined period of five days. The application of these techniques was demonstrated by measuring hair growth on the lower leg of six female volunteers. After removal of the hair shaft with a shaving system, the hair follicle infundibula and the length of the growing hairs were measured with the Trichoscan®, RCM, and OCT method. All three methods are reliable hair measuring tools after hair removal. Trichoscan® is best suited in the implementation of hair growth measurement and RCM in the analysis of hair follicles, whereas the OCT system can be consulted as an additional measurement for the evaluation of the hair follicle and length.