Abstract

The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of how conflicts between law and conscience are treated in the countries of the American continent (North and South). The author makes clear that this is not supposed to be –it cannot be– an exhaustive study of conscientious objections in the Americas but just a personal analysis of what he considers to be the main legal tendencies in this area. After examining the basic approach to conscientious objection in a number of American constitutions, legislation and case law, the author focuses on some types of objections that he deems particularly important today: those relating to the protection of human life (military service, abortion, euthanasia) and those relating to the realm of education. La finalidad de este trabajo es proporcionar una visión de conjunto de cómo se abordan en el continente americano (norte y sur) los conflictos entre conciencia y ley. El autor deja claro desde el primer momento que su intención no es –no puede ser– llevar a cabo un estudio exhaustivo de las objeciones de conciencia en las Américas, sino sólo aportar un análisis personal de lo que considera son las tendencias principales en este ámbito. Después de examinar los planteamientos esenciales sobre objeción de conciencia en la Constitución, legislación y jurisprudencia de algunos países americanos, el autor se centra en aquellas clases de objeción que entiende particularmente importantes hoy: las que se refieren a la protección de la vida humana (servicio militar, aborto, eutanasia), y las relacionadas con el entorno de la educación.

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