Abstract
Massive and ubiquitous deployment of devices in networks of fifth generation (5G) and beyond wireless has necessitated the development of ultra-low-power wireless communication paradigms. Recently, wireless-powered networks with backscatter communications (WPN-BCs) has been emerged as a most prominent technology for enabling large-scale self-sustainable wireless networks with the capabilities of RF energy harvesting (EH) and of extreme low power consumption. Therefore, we provide a comprehensive literature review on the fundamentals, challenges and the on-going research efforts in the domain of WPN-BCs. Our emphasis is on large-scale networks. In particular, we discuss signal processing aspects, network design issues and efficient communication techniques. Moreover, we review emerging technologies for WPN-BCs to bring about the best use of resources. Some applications of this innovative technology are also highlighted. Finally, we address some open research problems and future research directions.
Highlights
T HE PERVASIVE application of Internet-of-Things (IoT) and massive machine type communications to connect a large number of small computing devices embedded in the environment and implanted in bodies, have attracted tremendous attention in the 5G mobile communication networks
In order to keep a massive number of energy-constrained IoT sensors alive for tasks such as continuous monitoring and controlling, uninterrupted supply of energy is essential for the sensors and controlling/computing devices
We introduced the concepts of wireless-powered communication networks and backscatter communication systems
Summary
T HE PERVASIVE application of Internet-of-Things (IoT) and massive machine type communications to connect a large number of small computing devices (associated with people, vehicles, environment and other factors) embedded in the environment and implanted in bodies, have attracted tremendous attention in the 5G mobile communication networks. The integration of these two technologies effectively inherits the advantages of both techniques and can be the solution to build up totally passive massive WSNs [69] They complement each other to overcome the challenges of each technology, thereby leading to considerable improvements in the performance of large-scale dense IoT deployments, i.e., increased range and throughput, low-power design, scalability, reuse of ambient signals, low-cost, low-complexity and easy-to implement communications, as the key requirements of massive IoT devices. It discusses signal processing aspects including modulation, signal detection schemes and channel coding. Passive tags can monitor air/noise pollution, traffic, and parking availability [257]
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