Abstract
The 1 wt % Li-doped (Ba0.85Ca0.15)(Zr0.1Ti0.9)O3 (BCZT-Li) ceramics prepared by the citrate method exhibit improved phase purity, densification and electrical properties, which provide prospective possibility to develop high-performance electrocaloric materials. The electrocaloric effect was evaluated by phenomenological method, and the BCZT-Li ceramics present large electrocaloric temperature change ∆T, especially large electrocaloric responsibility ξ = ∆Tmax/∆Emax, which can be comparable to the largest values reported in the lead-free piezoelectric ceramics. The excellent electrocaloric effect is considered as correlating with the coexistence of polymorphic ferroelectric phases, which are detected by the Raman spectroscopy. The large ξ value accompanied by decreased Curie temperature (around 73 °C) of the BCZT-Li ceramics prepared by the citrate method presents potential applications as the next-generation solid-state cooling devices.
Highlights
Facing increasingly serious energy crisis and environmental protection requirements, electrocaloric materials, using adiabatic entropy and temperature change in polar materials under external electric field and presenting promising versatile applications in energy-efficient microelectronic and solid-state cooling devices, have attracted intensive research attention [1,2]
Readily large electrocaloric effect was fulfilled in the Pb-containing ferroelectrics [13,14,15,16], their electrocaloric strength |∆T|/|∆E| reduced significantly due to the applied ultrahigh external electric field
The BCZT-Li ceramics prepared via the citrate method, i.e., calcined between 600 and 700 ◦ C for the 300 ◦ C self-combusted powder and sintered at 1490 and 1500 ◦ C for the ceramics, exhibit phase-pure pseudo-cubic perovskite structure with rather homogenous microstructure morphology and high density [26,27]
Summary
Facing increasingly serious energy crisis and environmental protection requirements, electrocaloric materials, using adiabatic entropy and temperature change in polar materials under external electric field and presenting promising versatile applications in energy-efficient microelectronic and solid-state cooling devices, have attracted intensive research attention [1,2]. Readily large electrocaloric effect was fulfilled in the Pb-containing ferroelectrics [13,14,15,16], their electrocaloric strength |∆T|/|∆E| reduced significantly due to the applied ultrahigh external electric field Such materials were restricted by the European Union regulation and by many countries due to the toxicity of lead [14,15,16], searching for environmental friendly lead-free electrocaloric ferroelectrics became extremely urgent. The BCZT-Li ceramics with the MPB composition prepared by the citrate method exhibit enhanced ferroelectric property and relatively large ∆T with decreased TC temperature (around 73 ◦ C) approaching to the room-temperature, presenting potential applications as the next-generation solid-state cooling devices. Raman spectra upon heating were measured by a Horiba LabRAM HR Evolution Raman spectrometer (HORIBA Instruments Incorporated, Ann Arbor, MI, USA) equipped with a Linkam THMS600 heating/cooling stage [28]
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