Abstract
Abstract
Highlights
Aquatic ecosystems constitute a topic of high relevance due to their abundance and their various roles on different scales, ranging from the quality of drinking water taken from the local river to the large-scale impact on climate change (Costanza et al 1997; Jeppesen et al 1998)
This lack of knowledge is addressed in the present work by conducting highly resolved simulations of a model canopy flow, with a sample picture shown in figure 1(b)
The simulation was performed with 800 regularly arranged strip-shaped blades, each modelled as a Cosserat rod, discretized with 30 elements, and coupled to the fluid in the framework of an large eddy simulation (LES)
Summary
Aquatic ecosystems constitute a topic of high relevance due to their abundance and their various roles on different scales, ranging from the quality of drinking water taken from the local river to the large-scale impact on climate change (Costanza et al 1997; Jeppesen et al 1998). While deeply submerged canopies show similarities to terrestrial canopies for sufficiently large ratios H/L∗, the situation is different for aquatic canopies with shallow submergence, revealing substantially different turbulent structures (Nepf & Vivoni 2000) which are not affected by large-scale outer-layer turbulent structures as observed in atmospheric boundary layers (Dupont et al 2010) Another important parameter is the density of the canopy, measured by the frontal area of vegetation elements per bed area λ∗, the frontal area index. Depending on the degree of reconfiguration of vegetation elements, the interaction between these coherent structures and the canopy results in different flow patterns (Carollo, Ferro & Termini 2005; Okamoto & Nezu 2009) In this regard, the Cauchy number Ca is an important dimensionless number to distinguish between different types of vegetation. The coexistence and interaction of these different scales is not fully understood and constitutes a major challenge for experimental studies and numerical investigations
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