Abstract
Abstract Honeybee (Apis mellifera ) populations are usually distinguished using standard morphometric methods, mainly based on multivariate analysis of distances and angles. Recently, geometric morphometrics, another method of statistical analysis of shape, has been developed. This research was conducted on European honeybees in Iran in 2012. Multivariate analysis on hind wings identified significant differences between honeybee populations from different areas and significant differences in centroid size of fore wings in different geographical areas (F = 10.6, p = 0.000). Populations from nine areas were classified using discriminate function analysis based on shape variables of fore and hind wings. Crossvalidation tests based on discriminant functions of front wings correctly classified 68.2% of the colonies, and cross-validation tests based on discriminant functions of hind wings correctly classified 43% of the colonies.
Highlights
The honeybee Apis mellifera L. is widespread in Africa, Europe, and parts of Asia with a wide diversity of subspecies that can be classified with morphometric tools (Ruttner et al, 1978)
The results identified a significant difference between the size of the front wings and 32 shape variables (Wilks’ lambda = 0.705, p = 0.0001); the shape variations of the fore wings were not uniform
Other work was conducted on A. mellifera in 17 zones of Greece using a geometric morphometric method: 19 landmarks were marked on fore wings of 450 collected samples, and the authors found that geographical distances cause differential characteristics (Hatjina et al, 2004)
Summary
The honeybee Apis mellifera L. is widespread in Africa, Europe, and parts of Asia with a wide diversity of subspecies that can be classified with morphometric tools (Ruttner et al, 1978). Meda, as follows: West and Central Iran (Azerbaijan-Iranian highlands), the subtropical coast of the Caspian Sea (Mazandaran), Northeast Iran (Mashad), Southeast Iran (Kerman), Iraq, and Southeast Anatolia, from Van Lake to Hatay. Another modern morphometric method that is very promising for shape studies is Geometric morphometric study of Apis mellifera meda geometric morphometrics based on the de- Tarom (Emamkandi): 42°95 ́ N, 48°9 ́ E; Zanjan scription of shape in Cartesian coordinates (Hajarash): 36°40 ́ N, 48°30 ́ E; Khoramdareh:
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