Land and Its Rents in the Process of Land Management: An Overview of Poland and Ukraine as Examples

Many factors play a vital role in the development of agriculture, which include the technology of production, the size of farms in the country and the national policy (including trade policy) in relation to producers of these products. Therefore, the analysis of the above-mentioned factors in Ukraine stays relevant. The purpose of this study was to investigate the situation in the agricultural sector of both countries to form methods of further development of the sector in Ukraine based on the Canadian practices. The leading research method is analysis, thanks to which the agricultural sector was studied. In addition, the comparison method was used in the study of agriculture in Ukraine and Canada. Canada uses the latest methods of growing and tending produce, while in Ukraine there is still manual labour in some enterprises. It was proved that the main reason for this difference in development is the limited ability of Ukrainian companies to attract investment or use credit. The authors concluded that there are fundamental differences in agricultural development in Ukraine and Canada, the reasons for which are explained not only by different geographical, but also by institutional and historical conditions. Meanwhile, the level of agricultural development in Canada is much higher than in Ukraine, showing the need to borrow some principles of the sector. The main ones among them include active attraction of investments, emphasis on technology development, minimal state interference in the sector and others. A more detailed consideration of finding new opportunities to attract investment in the agricultural sector of Ukraine will remain relevant in the future. The article can be useful for studying the specific features of economic development of the agriculture in Canada and Ukraine; for formation of national policy in this sector; for entrepreneurs to make their investment decisions

Introduction. Certification in Thanatology. Part I: Dying. Charles Corr & Donna Corr, Culture, Socialization, and Dying. Lattanzi-Licht, Religion, Spirituality, and Dying. Doka, Historical and Contemporary Perspectives on Dying. Paletti, Life Span Issues and Dying. Connor, The Family, Larger Systems, and Dying. Zucker, Ethical and Legal Issues and Dying. Part II: End-of-Life Decision Making. Walker, Culture, Socialization, and End-of-Life Decision Making. Gilbert, Religion, Spirituality, and End-of-Life Decision Making. Werth & Harte, Historical and Contemporary Perspectives on End-of-Life Decision Making. Walker, Life Span Issues and End-of-Life Decision Making. Mowery, The Family, Larger Systems, and End-of-Life Decision Making. Zucker, Ethical and Legal Issues and End-of-Life Decision Making. Part III: Loss, Grief, and Mourning. Rosenblatt, Culture, Socialization, and Loss, Grief and Mourning. Klass, Religion and Spirituality inLoss, Grief and Mourning. Charles Corr & Donna Corr, Historical and Contemporary Perspectives on Loss, Grief and Mourning. Oltjenbruns & Balk, Life Span Issues and Loss, Grief and Mourning. Cook, The Family, Larger Systems, and Loss, Grief and Mourning. Meagher, Ethical and Legal Issues and Loss, Grief and Mourning. Part IV: Assessment and Intervention. Shapiro, Culture and Socialization in Assessment and Intervention. Doka, Religion, Spirituality, and Assessment and Intervention. Jordan, Neimeyer, Historical and Contemporary Perspectives on Assessment and Intervention. Crenshaw, Life Span Issues and Assessment and Intervention. Matheson, Assessment and Intervention in the Family and Larger Systems. Rainer, Ethical and Legal Issues in Assessment and Intervention. Part V: Traumatic Death. Kaufman, Culture, Socialization, and Traumatic Death. Cox, Religion, Spirituality, and Traumatic Death. Rnage, Historical and Contemporary Perspectives on Traumatic Death. Lester, Life Span Issues and Traumatic Death. Crenshaw, The Family, Larger Systems, and Traumatic Death. Meagher, Ethical and Legal Issues and Traumatic Death. Part VI: Death Education. DeSpelder, Strickland, Culture, Socialization, and Death Education. Stevenson, Religion, Spirituality, and Death Education. Noppe, Historial and Contemporary Perspectives on Death Education. Noppe, Life Span Issues and Death Education. Gilbert and Murray, The Family, Larger Systems, and Death Education. Sofka, Ethical and Legal Issues and Death Education. Part VII: Two Overarching Indicators Within Fundamental Knowledge of Thanatology. Wogrin, Professional Issues and Thanatology. Thornton, Jett, Zanich, Resources in Thanatology.

Technical and economic assessment of a 1 MWp floating photovoltaic system in Polish conditions

The article substantiates the need to revise the methods of valuation of agricultural land in market conditions, taking into account the moratorium on land sales. In the process of developing market relations in agriculture, land resources become the subject of economic circulation, which makes it possible to transform them into land assets. However, in the existing institutional conditions, land resources do not create capital in agricultural production, which requires justification of the mechanisms for involving them in economic turnover with the aim of providing investment support to the agricultural sector of the economy.The bias of the normative monetary valuation of agricultural lands for their capitalization and inclusion in the market as financial assets has been proved. It is determined that one of the ways of objective valuation of land assets in the conditions of institutionally limited operating of the land market is the capitalization of land rent payments. Based on this, a method for calculating the value of land assets, which can be calculated by dividing the average annual rent for land by the capitalization rate, is proposed. This can allow the “monetization” of agricultural land to run properly in the field of market circulation. Such monetization in the future will serve as a guideline for any transactions (including sale and purchase).KeywordsValuationLandAssetsAgricultureMethodology

Ukraine is prosperous in agricultural activities. Agricultural land covers 68.5% of the total land area. Additionally, Ukraine exports around 10% of the global cereals abroad and thus plays an important role in global food security. Crop production in Ukraine is dominated by grains (wheat, barley, corn), technical crops (sunflowers, sugar beets), potatoes1. Livestock production is dominated by poultry, pigs, cows1.  However, agricultural activities have been under threat over the past two decades. An important reason is climate change. Climate drivers such as temperature and precipitation have changed their patterns in space and time in Ukraine since 2000. The implications of those changes on agriculture are poorly studied, namely on crop yield, synthetic fertilizers, and animal manure. Furthermore, the potential implications of agriculture and climate on future water scarcity are unknown considering the ongoing Russian-Ukrainian war.In this study, we aim to assess the relationship between climate drivers and agriculture in Ukraine over the past two decades (2000-2020) and discuss the potential implications of these drivers on future water scarcity considering the Russian-Ukrainian war as an additional (unexpected) threat. We do this in a spatially explicit way. We collect the following data for agriculture: crop yield, crop area, fertilizers, irrigation2. Data for climate drivers include air temperature and precipitation3. For agriculture, data is based on one-year time steps, and data for climate drivers is seasonal every year between 2000 and 2020. We map the data for 24 provinces in Ukraine. We also show the historical changes over the studied period. From a historical perspective, we identify the main relationship between the climate drivers and agricultural aspects by province in Ukraine. We take these insights and discuss how water scarcity would change in the future if climate change and food production continue following the historical pattern, and consider the war as an additional threat. One of the results shows that water quantity is influenced by climate change; examples are droughts (less precipitation over time). Water quality is influenced by agricultural runoff and war activities; examples are too many nutrients from agriculture in rivers and too many emerging pollutants from destroyed treatment facilities.Keywords: agriculture, climate parameters, water scarcity, drivers, implications Acknowledgments: European Union HORIZON-MISS-2023-OCEAN-SOIL-01 Grant Agreement No. 101156867 (Path4Med). 1: European Parliamentary Research Service: Ukrainian agriculture, PE 760.432 – April 20242: The online platform AgroStats: Agricultural statistical data in Ukraine (1980-2023)3: Climate Change Viewer platform: air temperature and precipitation in Ukraine (1981-2020)

Risk and uncertainty over the results of agricultural production were always considered as impediments for the development of agricultural sector and rural areas. Besides traditional weather and market related sources of uncertainty, agriculture in transition economies is facing one more major factor of risk – changes in the institutional protection of property rights. This paper illustrates how such institutional uncertainty affects the land use and crop mix patterns in Ukraine. Ukraine is a country with some of the richest arable land in the world and is among the largest agricultural producers. Land reform started in Ukraine in 1990. It transfers land from state to private ownership. However, a market for land sales has not been established yet. Moreover, its establishment has been postponed several times since 2001. Thus, the design of this institution remains unknown, which brings uncertainty about the rights of owners, state, tenants and investors. To test if unsecured property rights for land lead to under-investments and impact the crop mix, this paper uses different sensitivity to institutional uncertainty of investments in annual vs. perennial crops. Data from Ukrainian State Statistic Committee for years 2004-2010 is used. This unique set contains panel data on a very large sample of farming entities. It shows that almost 95% of Ukrainian agricultural land is rented. Such structure creates incentives for investments in relatively more secure annual crops. The results of seemingly unrelated regression analysis show that a higher share of rented land is associated with a lower share of land used for perennial crops. At the same time, farms rent more land to increase share of annual crops. The difference in response to uncertainty is found significant between the two crop types. It implies that extension of moratorium on land sales in Ukraine leads to under-investments in Ukrainian agriculture in general and into more capital intensive crops in particular. The uncertain property right makes the tenant deviate from the “optimal” crop mix reducing the productivity of tenant farms. Thus, Ukraine faces significant losses in agricultural production and GDP in the short run. Moreover, the uncertainty leads to underinvestment into new technologies including adaptation to the climate change. Such underinvestment affects productivity and vulnerability of Ukrainian agriculture in the longer run

434 Book Reviews TECHNOLOGY AND CULTURE A Celebration of Work is a major contribution to the lore of labor and work in America. It also stands as a remarkably incisive analysis of the relationship between technology and work in a wide variety of occupations. Above all, Best’s book is infused with a love of honest toil and of humanity that cannot but leave the reader with the firm conviction that the author succeeded in his effort to “celebrate” work in a truly meaningful sense of the term. Norman Lederer Dr. Lederer is dean of general and developmental education at Thaddeus Stevens State School of Technology in Lancaster, Pennsylvania. He was formerly director of education and training for the New Jersey Division of District 65 of the United Auto Workers. Homework: Historical and Contemporary Perspectives on Paid Labor at Home. Edited by Eileen Boris and Cynthia R. Daniels. Champaign: Uni­ versity of Illinois Press, 1989. Pp. x + 299; illustrations, tables, notes, index. $32.50 (cloth); $12.95 (paper). There has been a recent renewal of both general and scholarly interest in work at home for pay. This new interest has been based on the efforts begun by the Reagan administration to lift the remaining federal bans on homework in six specific industries and the growth of so-called “telecommuting,” in which homeworkers keep in touch with their offices using computers and modems. This volume is a collection of fourteen papers and a photo essay dealing with various aspects of homework. With the exception of parts of three of them, the papers are published here for the first time. The authors span a variety of disciplines including history, sociology, political science, education, and business. The papers are organized into four sections: “Historical Perspectives,” “The Persis­ tence of Homework,” “The New Clerical and Professional Home­ work,” and “The Politics of Homework.” Although the title of the book is broader, the editors make clear in the introduction that their focus is on those homeworkers, overwhelmingly women, who are paid by the piece (which today might be the completed insurance form rather than a decorated hat or embroidered blouse). The editors and most of the authors appear ultimately ambivalent about homework. They argue that homework historically has involved substantial elements of exploitation, often along lines of class and race as well as gender, and has worked to reinforce the marginal and contingent role of women in the paid labor force. On the other hand, they are not comfortable with the models invoked by many of the reform-minded opponents of homework, often men, which included a rigid division between the public and private parts of social life and the relegation of women’s work to the unpaid private realm. TECHNOLOGY AND CULTURE Book Reviews 435 The articles give a good feel for those types of homework on which the book is focused and should increase the reader’s sensitivity to the issues that structure the public policy debate over homework. It is clear that, especially when benefits or any imputed value for the work space provided by the homeworker are considered, homeworkers are paid less for the same work than office or factory workers. It is also clear that, although the need to take care of children is often given as a reason for wanting to do homework, very few homeworkers are actually able to work while doing so; the work is postponed until older children or husbands are home. There are also attempts to place the issue of homework into the larger contexts of the growth of the underground economy in this country and globalization of the economy generally (if sewing cannot be done cheaply enough in this country it will be done in Korea or somewhere else instead). However, because this is a collection of separate papers, most of which are in effect case studies of homework in a particular time and place, the discussions of these larger contexts are not as well developed as the case studies. The book does have a message for students of the relationship between technology and society, but it is a message that is delivered largely by lack of attention. There is surprisingly little direct discus...

The current state and organizational and economic support of agriculture in Ukraine require reform in accordance with changing economic conditions, the development of world markets and the need to ensure food security. Under such circumstances, special attention should be paid to the possibilities of adapting the sector to digital products and solutions in order to increase the efficiency of activities, rational use of resources, compliance with sanitary standards, and most importantly, compliance with the level of competitiveness. The purpose of the study is to formulate proposals on the possibility of high-quality implementation of digital platforms into domestic practice based on foreign developments and technologies in the context of existing threats and obstacles. The main methods of cognition are the methods of theoretical generalization and induction, a systematic approach, a graphical method, and an abstract-logical method. The results of the study determine the modern conditions for the functioning of national agriculture. The possibilities, organizational and economic and production advantages of using modern digital technologies, in particular digital platforms, within the activities of this economic sector are thoroughly outlined. Having studied the experience of leading countries (USA, Germany, France, China), where digital platforms are used for monitoring agricultural processes, data analysis, planning sowing campaigns and resource management, special attention is paid to the use of Internet of Things (IoT), Big Data, machine learning and blockchain technologies to improve the efficiency of agriculture. The emphasis is on the need to introduce new forms and approaches to management, new agricultural technologies, forms of business management, optimization of production processes and logistics. Based on this, priority digital platforms and means of their provision are systematized. Assessing the current conditions and national infrastructure for integrating digital platforms into the country's agricultural sector, possible challenges and barriers related to financing and investment, technological support and training of personnel that may hinder the implementation of innovative technologies, the paper outlines directions for the development of agriculture in Ukraine using advanced digital platforms, which will improve the efficiency of the industry and make it more resilient to changes in the market and climatic conditions.

Purpose: The presented article is an attempt to compare methods of resolving conflicts in contemporary realities in Polish organizations based on their empirical justification in a time perspective. Design/methodology/approach: The analysis is based on found empirical research put in perspective. Findings: Homo sociologicus (collective actor - e.g., large-industry workers) began to give way to individual-achievement logic and changes in the labor code. An orientation toward mediation as a means of resolving organizational conflicts is beginning to dominate. Research limitations/implications: A survival strategy in the organization becomes the phenomenon of organizational withdrawal, which corresponds to the perception of work in the hierarchy of values. The expectation of a kind of "task instruction" allows to avoid conflicts and at the same time opens a new field of research on the shape and nature of organizational culture - the dominance of collectivist or rather individualistic values. Practical implications: Changing employee behavior from a collective to an individualistic orientation makes it possible to identify the sources of employee anomie. Social implications: The analysis and conclusions raise the importance of the social dimension of the organization's functioning and the impact of the external environment on its functioning. Originality/value: The author emphasizes the importance of shifting attitudes toward the workplace in the formation of organizational culture. Keywords: organization, social conflict, industrial conflict, trade unions, labor anomie. Category of the paper: Research paper.

Goal. To generalize information on the systems of agriculture that were formed in the agriculture of Ukraine by the development of productive forces and relations of production. To develop a structure of alternative variants of crop rotations, taking into account the situation on the domestic and foreign markets and the specialization of production of the Left Bank Forest-Steppe. Methods. Common for field experiments and laboratory tests. The following parameters were determined in plant samples: the weight of 1000 grains (GOST 1084289), vitreous (GOST 1098776). They also performed a complete zootechnical analysis of plants (by spectroscopy on an infrared analyzer NIR Systems 4500). As to soil samples, they determined the following parameters: nitrate of nitrogen (ionometric method — GOST 26951-86), mobile phosphorus and exchangeable potassium in one extract (according to Chirikov — DSTU 4115-2002), dry matter, and moisture content (gravimetric method — DSTU ISO 11465-2001). Comparative assessment of the productivity of different crop rotations was made according to the volume of production per 1 ha of crop rotation area, which was recalculated: grain units — by coefficients, feed units, and digestible protein — by tables. Results. Ecological-economic different crop rotations were studied and introduced into production, which in market conditions would ensure the production of competitive products and preservation of soil fertility. For medium and small-scale enterprises of the Forest-Steppe, effective 4-field crop rotations with 100% grain saturation are recommended. For farms cultivating food and fodder grain, sugar beetroots, and producing sunflower and soybean oil, 6-7-field crop rotations are recommended. For farms producing livestock products, food and feed grain, sunflower, and soybean oil, 8-field crop rotations are recommended. Conclusions. In multisectoral farms of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine it is necessary to introduce effective short-rotation 4- and 5-field and long-rotation 6-, 7- and 8-field crop rotations with the recommended set, ratio, and placement of field crops.

Book Review| January 01 2020 Mormonism in Europe: Historical and Contemporary Perspectives Irén Annus, David Morris, and Kim Östman, eds. Mormonism in Europe: Historical and Contemporary Perspectives. Szeged, Hungary: Americana Ebooks, 2018. Mees Tielens Mees Tielens Reviewed by Mees Tielens holds a BA and MA in American studies from Radboud University in the Netherlands. He received his PhD from the Ruhrcenter of American Studies in Dortmund, Germany in 2018. His current projects include work on queering the Mormon body as well as feminist theologies around childbirth and motherhood. Mees is currently pursuing ordination to the priesthood in the Episcopal Church. Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Mormon Studies Review (2020) 7: 95–100. https://doi.org/10.5406/mormstudrevi.7.2020.0095 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Permissions Search Site Citation Mees Tielens; Mormonism in Europe: Historical and Contemporary Perspectives. Mormon Studies Review 1 January 2020; 7 95–100. doi: https://doi.org/10.5406/mormstudrevi.7.2020.0095 Download citation file: Zotero Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All Scholarly Publishing CollectiveUniversity of Illinois PressMormon Studies Review Search Advanced Search The text of this article is only available as a PDF. Copyright 2020 by the Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois2020 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.

Book Review| July 01 2005 Not Just Black and White: Historical and Contemporary Perspectives on Immigration, Race, and Ethnicity in the United States Not Just Black and White: Historical and Contemporary Perspectives on Immigration, Race, and Ethnicity in the United States, Nancy Foner and George Fredrickson. David A. Hollinger David A. Hollinger Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Journal of American Ethnic History (2005) 24 (4): 124–126. https://doi.org/10.2307/27501651 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Permissions Search Site Citation David A. Hollinger; Not Just Black and White: Historical and Contemporary Perspectives on Immigration, Race, and Ethnicity in the United States. Journal of American Ethnic History 1 January 2005; 24 (4): 124–126. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/27501651 Download citation file: Zotero Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All Scholarly Publishing CollectiveUniversity of Illinois PressJournal of American Ethnic History Search Advanced Search The text of this article is only available as a PDF. Copyright 2004 Immigration and Ethnic History Society2004 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.

Signs of God: Miracles & Their Interpretation. Mark Corner and How Much Does God Foreknow? A Comprehensive Biblical Study. Stephen C. Roy

From a property tax to a land tax – who wins, who loses?

‶Don’t Say Neigh, Say Yay”