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Abstract
Probiotics, with their associated beneficial effects, have gained popularity for the control of foodborne pathogens. Various sources are explored with the intent to isolate novel robust probiotic strains with a broad range of health benefits due to, among other mechanisms, the production of an array of antimicrobial compounds. One of the shortcomings of these wild-type probiotics is their non-specificity. A pursuit to circumvent this limitation led to the advent of the field of pathobiotechnology. In this discipline, specific pathogen gene(s) are cloned and expressed into a given probiotic to yield a novel pathogen-specific strain. The resultant recombinant probiotic strain will exhibit enhanced species-specific inhibition of the pathogen and its associated infection. Such probiotics are also used as vehicles to deliver therapeutic agents. As fascinating as this approach is, coupled with the availability of numerous probiotics, it brings a challenge with regard to deciding which of the probiotics to use. Nonetheless, it is indisputable that an ideal candidate must fulfil the probiotic selection criteria. This review aims to show how Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus, a clinically best-studied probiotic, presents as such a candidate. The objective is to spark researchers’ interest to conduct further probiotic-engineering studies using L. rhamnosus, with prospects for the successful development of novel probiotic strains with enhanced beneficial attributes.
Highlights
Probiotics, defined as “live microorganisms which when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit on the host” [1], are added into functional products for the improvement of human and animal health [2]
The number and types of probiotic microorganisms are likely to increase as researchers continuously explore various sources to isolate novel probiotic strains with superior probiotic attributes, in order to meet the probiotic market demand [2]
Han et al [117] studied the protective effects of L. rhamnosus GG on epithelial barrier function using human intestinal epithelial cultures, and they reported that pre-treatment of the cells with LGG prevented paracellular permeability, implying that it eliminated epithelial barrier dysfunction
Summary
Probiotics, defined as “live microorganisms which when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit on the host” [1], are added into functional products for the improvement of human and animal health [2]. The rationale for this review is to present evidence in favour (to vouch for) of L. rhamnosus as a good choice probiotic candidate for more probiotic engineering studies, with great prospects to deliver dual benefits, that is, conventional probiotic beneficial effects, together with the functional attribute(s) of the gene(s) introduced into and expressed by the bioengineered strain, among others, enhanced targeted control of a specific pathogen, due to the ability of the bioengineered strain to compete for and bind to the same receptor(s) as the targeted pathogen. L. rhamnosus to date, their successes and limitations, as well as the potential prospects for its applications in further probiotic engineering studies
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