Abstract
Multi-layer graphene oxide-enzyme nanoassemblies were prepared through the multi-point covalent immobilization of laccase from Trametes versicolor (TvL) on functionalized graphene oxide (fGO). The catalytic properties of the fGO-TvL nanoassemblies were found to depend on the number of the graphene oxide-enzyme layers present in the nanostructure. The fGO-TvL nanoassemblies exhibit an enhanced thermal stability at 60 °C, as demonstrated by a 4.7-fold higher activity as compared to the free enzyme. The multi-layer graphene oxide-enzyme nanoassemblies can efficiently catalyze the oxidation of anthracene, as well as the decolorization of an industrial dye, pinacyanol chloride. These materials retained almost completely their decolorization activity after five reaction cycles, proving their potential as efficient nano- biocatalysts for various applications.
Highlights
Graphene, graphene oxide and their derivatives have attracted great interest in biotechnology and biomedicine applications such as in gene and drug delivery, bioimaging, as well as in the construction of biosensors and biomedical devices [1,2,3], since they combine outstanding characteristics such as very good mechanical and thermal stability, chemical inertness, and exceptional electronic properties
We show that functionalized graphene oxide with terminal amine groups can be used as building block for graphene oxide-enzyme nanoassemblies put together through sequential immobilization of an oxidase onto the fGO sheets
The morphology of the nanoassemblies was probed by atomic force microscopy, their activity and thermal stability determined and their biocatalytic properties investigated using the oxidation of a polycyclic hydrocarbon and of an industrial dye as model reactions
Summary
Graphene oxide and their derivatives have attracted great interest in biotechnology and biomedicine applications such as in gene and drug delivery, bioimaging, as well as in the construction of biosensors and biomedical devices [1,2,3], since they combine outstanding characteristics such as very good mechanical and thermal stability, chemical inertness, and exceptional electronic properties. Regarding the development of effective nanobiocatalysts through grafting of enzymes onto nanomaterials, a new interesting approach is the immobilization of enzymes in multilayer systems through layer-by-layer deposition [14,15,16]. This method can be applied for the development of electrochemical biosensors since the immobilization of biomolecules is achieved under biocompatible conditions, and in addition to being simple and low cost, different recognition elements can be Sensors 2016, 16, 287; doi:10.3390/s16030287 www.mdpi.com/journal/sensors
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