Abstract
Abstract Buildings are linked to a significant untapped energy saving potential, accounting for 40 % of European Union’s (EU) final energy and 36 % of CO2 emissions. Energy efficient building envelopes plays the key role to achieve decarbonization of the EU’s building stock by 2050. Active building envelopes are emerging and novel trend offering the paradigm shift in perception of building enclosures. Paper presents study of active solar façade containing phase change material for energy storage. Study seeks for optimisation of solar façade module by introducing dynamic component and variating in the composition of module itself to ensure faster energy harvesting and minimise the heat losses at discharging phase. Comparative tests were carried out in laboratory, in controlled heating and cooling conditions to evaluate impact of dynamic component. The dynamic component has reflective inner coating that focuses solar radiation on the element in heating phase and aerogel insulation filling in the blades that decreases heat loss in the cooling phase. Varying components in the design were used– thickness of aerogel insulation, Fresnel lens and width of concentrating cone diameter. Wide range of phase change material average temperature was observed 24 °C in setups with full aerogel filling to 50 °C in setup Fresnel lens. Average temperature in phase change material was reached higher in all setups with dynamic component compared to identical setups without dynamic component. Temperature differences were in the range from 1 °C in aerogel filled setups till 6 °C in setups with Fresnel lens.
Highlights
Many Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Assessment Reports, United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) papers, protocols, and international agreements highlight energy saving and energy demand reduction as primary mitigation options [1]
To provide faster energy transfer to Phase change materials (PCMs) in the charging phase, the cone and Fresnel lens were added in the Setup 3 and Setup 4
A new technology of dynamic façade with solar energy storage has been developed and tested in laboratory under controlled conditions. 9 designs of a small-scale façade modules were tested in laboratory with and without dynamic component – rotating blades that functions as solar energy concentrator during the availability of sun and as additional insulator
Summary
Many Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Assessment Reports, United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) papers, protocols, and international agreements highlight energy saving and energy demand reduction as primary mitigation options [1]. Buildings are linked to a significant untapped energy saving potential, accounting for 40 % of EU final energy and 36 % of CO2 emissions [2]. EU Energy Performance of Buildings Directive sets the goal of building decarbonization by 2050. Following the traditional path of energy efficiency strategies, it will be difficult to achieve ambitious goal. There is an urge for innovative technologies for building energy efficiency. Due to the demographic growth and changes in human lifestyles brought on by technological advancements and urbanization, it is expected that the energy consumption can increase by 53 % in the decade, potentially increasing GHG pollution from this field [3]. There is a high demand of innovative technological solutions for the significant reduction of heating
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