Abstract
BackgroundEscherichia coli (E. coli) is the principal pathogen that causes biofilm formation. Biofilms are associated with infectious diseases and antibiotic resistance. This study employed proteomic analysis to identify differentially expressed proteins after coculture of E. coli with Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) microcapsules.MethodsTo explore the relevant protein abundance changes after E. coli and LGG coculture, label-free quantitative proteomic analysis and qRT-PCR were applied to E. coli and LGG microcapsule groups before and after coculture, respectively.ResultsThe proteomic analysis characterised a total of 1655 proteins in E. coli K12MG1655 and 1431 proteins in the LGG. After coculture treatment, there were 262 differentially expressed proteins in E. coli and 291 in LGG. Gene ontology analysis showed that the differentially expressed proteins were mainly related to cellular metabolism, the stress response, transcription and the cell membrane. A protein interaction network and Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis indicated that the differentiated proteins were mainly involved in the protein ubiquitination pathway and mitochondrial dysfunction.ConclusionsThese findings indicated that LGG microcapsules may inhibit E. coli biofilm formation by disrupting metabolic processes, particularly in relation to energy metabolism and stimulus responses, both of which are critical for the growth of LGG. Together, these findings increase our understanding of the interactions between bacteria under coculture conditions.
Highlights
Escherichia coli (E. coli) is the principal pathogen that causes biofilm formation
Global proteomic analysis of E. coli and Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) before and after coculture treatment E. coli in the biofilm functional genome was evaluated at the proteome level in response to LGG microcapsules, before and after coculture
76,382 matched spectra resulted in 12,236 matched peptides assembled into 1655 proteins in groups A and group C, and 58,028 matched spectra led to 10,321 matched peptides assembled into 1431 proteins in groups B and D (Additional files 1 and 2)
Summary
Escherichia coli (E. coli) is the principal pathogen that causes biofilm formation. Biofilms are associated with infectious diseases and antibiotic resistance. Biofilms are complex bacterial community structures that can attach to surfaces. They connect to a surface via extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), which form a matrix composed primarily of polysaccharides, proteins and DNA; this encapsulates the bacteria [1]. Biofilms cause economic losses and present a public health hazard. This is because the bacteria present within biofilms are much more resistant to antibiotics, disinfectants [2] and host immune system effectors [3]. A Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) microcapsule– planktonic Escherichia coli (E. coli) coculture model was established to evaluate the biofilm inhibition effect [5]. The possible antibiofilm molecular mechanisms of LGG microcapsules have not yet been investigated
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