La traduction de Sous l’étoile du Chien par Lorand Gaspar : un dialogue poétique avec D. H. Lawrence

Quantum physics has recently confirmed what shamans and mystics, poets and musicians have long known: the universe is more like music than like matter. It may well be that our most fundamental relationship to the great mysteries is one of listening. Through sustained, concentrated attention to the fullness of the present moment, we listen for the breath of being, the voice of God. John Luther Adams, American composer When I was young – seventeen and very young – it was my heart's desire to bring the poetry I loved most in my mother tongue, which is Dutch, to English-language readers. Little did I realize then how small the audience for poetry is anywhere and particularly, as I later discovered, in America. With time, my ambitions came to be more realistic. I published a few dozen translated poems in several poetry journals, went to graduate school, raised a family, and in the process abandoned the original dream, instead writing academic work, including the obligatory doctoral dissertation. After years of this, my entire being balked at my – highly respected and cherished – advisor's suggestion that I rework the dissertation for publication. And for the first time in my seven-year long relationship with him I didn't follow his advice. I wanted to translate literature, not write about it. Translating literary works I admired, loved, and felt passionate about seemed a challenge worth devoting my professional life to. But translating what and whom, why and for whom? The market for foreign works in translation was small, especially twenty-five or more years ago when I first began; the authors from France and the Netherlands I was most interested in had already been translated, some of them more than once. The initial answer came serendipitously, as answers often do. In December of 1984 we went to visit my son who was in the Peace Corps in Togo, West Africa. The first of many more journeys to different regions of the continent, it was a revelation in so many ways and on so many levels. For me, a child born and raised in Indonesia until my tenth year, smells and sounds instantly came back from a long-ago past, hard to place but intensely recognizable.

Quantum physics has recently confirmed what shamans and mystics, poets and musicians have long known: the universe is more like music than like matter. It may well be that our most fundamental relationship to the great mysteries is one of listening. Through sustained, concentrated attention to the fullness of the present moment, we listen for the breath of being, the voice of God. John Luther Adams, American composer When I was young – seventeen and very young – it was my heart's desire to bring the poetry I loved most in my mother tongue, which is Dutch, to English-language readers. Little did I realize then how small the audience for poetry is anywhere and particularly, as I later discovered, in America. With time, my ambitions came to be more realistic. I published a few dozen translated poems in several poetry journals, went to graduate school, raised a family, and in the process abandoned the original dream, instead writing academic work, including the obligatory doctoral dissertation. After years of this, my entire being balked at my – highly respected and cherished – advisor's suggestion that I rework the dissertation for publication. And for the first time in my seven-year long relationship with him I didn't follow his advice. I wanted to translate literature, not write about it. Translating literary works I admired, loved, and felt passionate about seemed a challenge worth devoting my professional life to. But translating what and whom, why and for whom? The market for foreign works in translation was small, especially twenty-five or more years ago when I first began; the authors from France and the Netherlands I was most interested in had already been translated, some of them more than once. The initial answer came serendipitously, as answers often do. In December of 1984 we went to visit my son who was in the Peace Corps in Togo, West Africa. The first of many more journeys to different regions of the continent, it was a revelation in so many ways and on so many levels. For me, a child born and raised in Indonesia until my tenth year, smells and sounds instantly came back from a long-ago past, hard to place but intensely recognizable.

Contest, Translation, and the Chaucerian Text

Since legal terminology is characterized by rigor, precision and specificity, legal terminology translation is an important task in translation work. This paper firstly clarifies the definition of legal terminology and its sources, and then reviews the current research status of legal terminology translation on this basis. It then analyzes the current problems of legal terminology from the three levels of logic, language and culture respectively, and summarizes the principles of terminology translation proposed by scholars to cope with the problems of legal terminology translation. According to the characteristics of legal terminology translation, the legal terminology translation with Chinese characteristics is analyzed separately.

ABSTRACTBiodegradable magnesium (Mg) or its alloys are desirable materials for development into new-generation internal fixation devices or implants with high biocompatibility, adequate mechanical modulus, and osteopromotive properties, which may overcome some of the drawbacks of the existing permanent orthopaedic implants with regard to stress-shielding of bone and beam-hardening effects on radiographic images. This review summarises the current research status of Mg-based orthopaedic implants in animals and clinical trials. First, detailed information of animal studies including bone fracture repair and anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with the use of Mg-based orthopaedic devices is introduced. Second, the repair mechanisms of the Mg-based orthopaedic implants are also reviewed. Afterwards, reports of recent clinical cases treated using Mg-based implants in orthopaedics are summarised. Finally, the challenges and the strategies of the use of Mg-based orthopaedic implants are discussed. Taken together, the collected efforts in basic research, translational work, and clinical applications of Mg-based orthopaedic implants over the last decades greatly contribute to the development of a new generation of biodegradable metals used for the design of innovative implants for better treatment of orthopaedic conditions in patients with challenging skeletal disorders or injuries.

The purpose of this paper is to provide elements that will help to further understand the clinical practice guideline genre in French and in Spanish, thereby facilitating the work of authors and translators. The study thus focuses on the analysis of the superstructure, with a view to offering guidelines for the construction of a sample prototype. First, we describe and define the genre in question. In the second section, we refer to the materials and methodological framework employed, describing the sub-domain chosen for analysis (rare diseases), the compilation and processing of the corpus and, finally, the research methodology implemented. The final section presents and discusses the results of the corpus analysis, which indicate the importance of advocating a single unique superstructure for the genre in question.

In this article is presented a brief review of the work in machine translation of languages, with the conclusion that much more research needs to be done and that it does not appear that human beings will ever be relieved of the necessity of learning languages and of knowing how to use these languages effectively.

In this article is presented a brief review of the work in machine translation of languages, with the conclusion that much more research needs to be done and that it does not appear that human beings will ever be relieved of the necessity of learning languages and of knowing how to use these languages effectively.

Gastric cancer remains the second most frequent cause of cancer-related mortality. While surgery is traditionally the initial treatment for early-stage disease, the addition of chemotherapy has been shown to significantly increase overall survival and progression-free survival in advanced and metastatic stages of disease. However, despite the incorporation of newer chemotherapies and regimens into gastric cancer clinical trials, the response rate and median overall survival for treated patients has not significantly improved throughout the years; therefore, newer therapeutic approaches to improve upon the medication selection process are warranted. Treatment and dose selection based on patient factors, such as genetic variation, may provide a more rational and potentially more powerful means of personalizing chemotherapy. This review provides an update on the current status of pharmacogenetic studies regarding germline DNA mutations that may alter response to chemotherapeutic agents used to treat gastric cancer, including perspectives on clinical translation and future work.

The digital divide, in my view, is not only created due to the lack of local contents but also due to the fact that few digital contents from local sources are found in the digital libraries of higher education in Ethiopia. Likewise, the creation and dissemination of local contents could be facilitated not only by the presence of local digital contents but also by the presence of usable digital technology at a local level. This article aims to give a practical solution to bridging the digital divide by unlocking local heritage knowledge through creating digital contents from locally grown literary heritage as well as by developing a localised digital library system. Therefore, this article presents the research processes and results that were undertaken to unlock local heritage knowledge and developed the localised digital library system: customising a free and open-source software; digitising and translating the local literary heritage contents; and building the digitised and translated literary heritage contents into the localised digital libraries, which Greenstone digital library software was used to customise into local use. The English version of the Greenstone user interface (macro files) was translated into the Tigrinya language, one of the locally spoken languages in Ethiopia. For translation purposes, a list of suitable and compatible Tigrinya words and phrases that basically fit with the meaning of the English version of the Greenstone spreadsheet was developed. As a result of this translation work, the Tigrinya language interface has become one of the languages that are included in Greenstone digital library software version 2.83 for the first time (Language short name=ti “long name=ትግርኛ (Tigrinya)” default encoding=utf-8). To unlock the heritage knowledge and build the localised digital library with local digital collections, a sample of Ethiopia’s ancient Ge’ez parchment manuscripts were digitised and translated into Tigrinya and English languages. To facilitate the retrieval of information and to be easily recognised by internet search engines in the Tigrinya language, a local specific metadata standard for Ethiopia’s ancient Ge’ez parchment manuscripts was developed at three hierarchical levels, at manuscript level, at chapter level and at page level, with each translated page tagged using HTML. To facilitate the link between the translated text and the corresponding digital image, an “item” file was created using a WordPad. As a result, three collections were built into the customised digital library: the digitised image of the Abushakir manuscript as well as the Tigrinya and English translated texts of the same manuscripts. The functionality and usability of the localised digital system was tested by searching keywords and browsing titles from the built collection of the Tigrinya text and the original digital image of the manuscript. The result of this test shows that the localised digital library system is capable of allowing end-users to discover the information they want at the granular level from digital content of the local literary heritage. Therefore, further manuscript collection through digitisation, translating into local language and building the digitised collection into this localised digital library system is necessary for wider access to the local literary heritage digital content and for bridging the digital divide in the long-term.

Hemianopic patients suffer for a loss of conscious vision in part of the visual field. The present work aimed to investigate the functionality of the visual system after lesions to visual cortices, by studying the spontaneous electrophysiological activity and the residual visual processing. The first three studies revealed the presence of alterations in the spontaneous alpha oscillatory activity during resting-state. Specifically, hemianopic patients showed a slowdown of the speed of alpha oscillations and a reduction of the amplitude of alpha activity in the lesioned hemisphere, resulting in an interhemispheric imbalance of the activity in the alpha range. Moreover, hemianopics showed also a reduction of alpha functional connectivity in the posterior regions of the lesioned hemisphere. However, the residual activity in the alpha range seemed functionally reactive, since hemianopics showed the typical alpha desynchronization in the transition from the eyes-closed to the eyes-open resting-state. More importantly, the spontaneous alpha activity predicted the visuospatial performance, suggesting that the resting-state activity in the alpha range, might be a biomarker for the functionality of the visual system. Notably, oscillatory patterns were more severely impaired in hemianopics with right lesions, suggesting a central role of the right posterior cortices in coordinating the spontaneous oscillatory activity. In the last study, unseen distractors presented in the blind visual field were able to interfere with the execution of saccades toward seen targets presented in the intact field, suggesting the presence of an implicit visual processing for stimuli presented in the blind visual field. However, only left-lesioned hemianopic patients showed implicit processing for the unseen distractors, suggesting that the right hemisphere might also contribute to this interference effect. Overall, the post-lesional oscillatory patterns and the implicit visual processing in the absence of awareness seem to reflect an impaired but residual functionality of the visual system in hemianopic patients.

In English Poems in Chinese Translation (2007), a collection of English poems selected and translated by Mu Yang, poet and scholar, one finds the latest Chinese translations of five poems by Donne in a bilingual format: ”Death be not proud,” ”Batter my heart,” ”The good-morrow,” ”Valediction forbidding mourning” and ”Song: Goe and catche a falling starre.” Yang published Selected Poems of W. B. Yeats in Chinese (1997), which immediately became popular and often cited by many. English Poems in Chinese Translation is Yang's latest work of translation, and is more ambitious than his Chinese Yeats, in that the range of poetry chosen covers works as early as Beowulf and ”The Seafarer,” and as late as Dylan Thomas's ”Fern Hill.” While the five poems of Donne in Yang's book are indeed the latest ones in terms of the date of publication, the quality of Yang's Chinese Donne, compared with other translators' renderings of the English poet, seems to be the most erroneous of all as well. The emphasis of the present essay is on Yang's treatment of ”The good-morrow” and the problems which the rendering itself reveals: Yang's understanding / misunderstanding of Early Modern English, the literal meanings of some of the lines of the poem, Chinese etymology, English rhyme scheme and syllabification on the translator's part, and how these may lead to the misunderstanding of Donne's lively and witty language on the reader's. The author believes that a close examination of Yang's rendering of ”The good-morrow” serves as a survey of the available English Renaissance poetry in Chinese translation in general, and a scrutiny of all other Chinese translations of Donne in specific. If a complete corpus of Donne's works in Chinese appears in future years, anyone concerned about a future for Donne studies in the Chinese-speaking societies now should pay more attention to even just a small number of the latest Chinese translations of Donne's poems.

Nurses transforming health care using genetics and genomics

The article explores the cross-lingual and multi-cultural translation problems during Taiwan under Japanese rule between 1895 and 1945. The Taiwanese public school teacher, Liu Ke-Ming (1884 ~ 1967) with New/Old Learning is selected as the study object. In addition to analyzing his various identities such as Taiwanese, teacher, translator, editor, scholar that presented in his poetry, essays, discourse and other types of poetry or translated writings, the article also analyzes the related activities he engaged in as above mentioned, studies how he responded and positioned the cultural difference between Taiwan and Japan, and the identities transfer in line with the cultural intermediary/mediator role. On the basis, the article sorts the complicated features that Liu Ke-Ming showed when wandering in Taiwan / Japan cultural mixture/dialogue. On the content, the article first points out the complex education background of Liu Ke-Ming’s linguistic competence in New/Old Learning, Japan/ Taiwan culture; follows by the analysis on his educator, traditional scholar, cultural inter-mediator identity to explore his multidimensional activities and then analyzes how he positioned and evaluated the New/Old Learning, Taiwan / Japan, Taiwan / Western culture in a different identity. The article also explores how he treated cultural translating behavior, how he recognized a cultural translator, and what was his purpose for translating. The article also explores issues such as will he alter or adjust the writing in different writing conditions? Or is there something in common? According to writing conditions, how Liu demonstrated the motility and initiative between deferent identities? Through the article, Liu’s ambiguous and confounding translation works are sorted. With the individual case study, the article tries to present the complexity and morphological appearance of cross-lingual and multi-cultural translation during the Japanese colonial period.

Presented here is a new algorithm for finding the positions of features in images of samples from particular object classes, such as human faces. Existing algorithms that address this problem mostly deal only with image variations resulting from simple translation in the image plane, as well as differences of objects in the classes, by searching for features across the image plane. In our new algorithm, larger classes of image variations, including those resulting from object rotation in 3D space and scaling (i.e. translation in depth) are handled, in addition to image plane translation. In order to do this, we develop a new kernel-based MAP (maximum a posteriori) estimation technique using Gaussian distribution in a potentially higher dimensional space to model the relationship between images and feature positions. Experimental results of facial feature extraction in images of human faces taken from varying viewing directions and from varying distances demonstrate the superior performance of the new method relative to that of existing algorithms.