La recolección de insectos con fines alimenticios en la zona turística de Otumba y Teotihuacán, Estado de México

By using ethnographic research techniques, we can ask questions in order to understandsome issues in the social sciences such as experience, the unique, the ordinary, daily life, emotions etc. However, it is possible to query the proficiency of current ethnographic techniques to design dialogic research and to convey the experiences of the ‘subjects’ of the field research. Techniques such as in-depth interviews, informal interviews and even the focus group depend on the dichotomy of the researcher who asks questions and the subject who responds to them. However, designing dialogic field research requires refusing those dichotomies, which can be considered to be inherited from a positivist understanding of science. In this article I discuss the potential of any digital storytelling workshop as an ethnographic research technique, with regard to three issues that seem problematic in current ethnographic techniques: integrated research processes; power and hierarchy relationships; and conveying the voice of subjects. The discussion of this article results from two academic experiences: One of them is my ethnographic field research experience for my doctoral dissertation; When I was writing my doctoral dissertation, entitled The Experience of Asylum Seeking in Turkey within the Context of Intercultural Communication, I conducted field research between 20 July and 20 December 2011, when I investigated how asylum-seeking in Turkey is experienced in daily life within the context of intercultural communication. In my field study, which lasted for five months in Gaziantep, one of the provinces that is located on the south-eastern part of Turkey, I adopted and put to use the participant observation, informal interview and in-depth interview techniques. I experienced a number of difficulties in conducting a field research with a sensitive (disadvantaged) group of people such as the asylum seekers. the other is the digital storytelling workshop entitled When I was in the field: Digital Stories from Young Academic Women . We conducted this workshop within the body of Hacettepe University, Faculty of Communication, between 25 March and 16 April 2013. I was one of the facilitators of the workshop. We had two purposes. The first was to share stories about our field research experiences as woman academicians. We wanted to understand if gender differentiates the field research experiences. The second was to use DST (digital storytelling) as an ethnographic research technique. We wanted to discuss the problems of ethnographic research techniques that we encounter in the field and see if DST has a potential that allows us to ask new questions. First, I discuss the weaknesses of current ethnographic research techniques and, second, I focus on how digital storytelling workshops can help to reduce these weaknesses. Finally, in conclusion, I touch on the discussions – carried out in the workshop mentioned above – regarding the opportunities and difficulties of using the digital stories and the workshop process as one of the ethnographic research techniques.

There is an immutable need to preserve and utilize the genetic materials of indigenous crops and plants for nutrition and preservation of genetic diversity. The scientific community needs to support farmers in the preservation of indigenous foods and seed. African Rural University (ARU) participated in indigenous seed and food fairs to collect data while showcasing the preservation, preparation, value addition and consumption of local seeds and foods in Uganda. The purpose of the traditional seed and food fair events was to demonstrate both the existence and resilience of African culture in food and nutrition through participation of farmers and ARU students. There were three series of such fairs at local (10 groups), regional (49 groups) and national levels (30 groups). ARU research team and students participated in all the fairs as both exhibitors and researchers. Results indicate that exhibitors showcased traditional/indigenous foods both in raw and cooked forms. There is still a wide variety of beneficial indigenous and traditional foods in Uganda. It may be helpful to establish a complete traditional food data system for all ethnic groups in Uganda and prepare recipes for preparation of their traditional dishes, establish botanical gardens for conservation, earth markets and more regular food and seed fairs for farmers to interact and exchange the planting materials.

Changes in meat and poultry nutrition labeling regulations: Implications for nutrition educators

Nursery evaluation of catla spawn was carried out by feeding three iso-nitrogenous diets (35% protein in raw and cooked form) for a period of 30 days. The three test diets (treatments) in raw form were: T1 - groundnut oil cake (GOC) + rice bran (RB) + vitamin-mineral (V-M) premix; T2 - GOC+RB+fish meal (FM) + V-M premix, T3 - GOC+RB+prawn meal (PM)+V-M premix. The diet groups GT1, GT2 and GT3 respectively were same feed combinations in cooked form. Incorporation of prawn meal as animal protein source led to significantly higher final weight, final length, % weight gain, specific growth rate (SGR) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) compared to diet with and without fish meal incorporation. Whereas, diet containing fish meal improved the fry growth and survival rate only when it was cooked. Cooked diet either with fish or prawn meal incorporation led to better fry growth over the respective non-cooked diets, revealing the advantage of cooking process for better nourishment in catla fry during nursery phase.

Legumes are important crop species belonging to the family Fabaceae and constitute a significant part in the diet of Sri Lankans, as a meat substitute. The present study evaluated antioxidants and their activity in locally grown legume varieties for potential utilization as health foods. Twelve legume varieties grown in Complete Randomized Block Design (CRBD) were used for screening purpose. Results were statistically analysed using Univariate General Linear Model (SPSS Version 20) followed by mean separation Tukey HSD test. The Total Phenolics Content (TPC) of raw and cooked form of legume varieties ranged from 0.84 ± 0.04 (MICP 1) to 4.34 ± 0.15 mg (GAE)/g (ANKCP 2) and 0.30 ± 0.04 (MICP 1) to 3.71 ± 0.12 mg (GAE) /g (Dhawala) whereas Total Flavonoids Content (TFC) ranged from 0.88 ± 0.03 (ANK-Black) to 2.19 ± 0.04 mg (QE)/g (Waruni) and 0.62 ± 0.04 (Waruni) to 8.33 ± 0.16 mg (QE)/g (Dhawala) respectively. TPC and TFC were significantly differed (p < 0.05) among the varieties as well as raw and cooked form in each variety.
 The significant highest (p<0.05) antioxidant activity in terms of DPPH was shown in both forms of raw and cooked in dark seed coat coloured varieties of ANK-Brown (4.95± 0.42 and 2.18± 0.45 (TE) / g ; dark brown) ANK-Black (4.11± 0.41and 3.17± 0.60 (TE) / g ; black) and Waruni (3.38± 0.18 and 1.51± 0.13 (TE) / g ; purple) respectively while the significant (p<0.05) highest ABTS and FRAP were shown in the same varieties in raw form only. Similarly, the highest results for activity for ABTS (11.74 ± 0.26 (TE) / g) and FRAP (0.32 ± 0.02 (TE) / g) were found in cooked form of variety Dhawala. Results demonstrated the varietal identification of ANK-Brown, ANK-Black, Waruni and Dhawala with a high potential in developing functional foods.

Effect of Autoclaving Field Beans (Phaseolus Vulgaris) and of Supplementing Diets Containing Beans with Amino Acids or Antibiotics on Performance of Young Chicks ,

Background: Immigrant women of Pakistani origin are among one of the most invisible ethnic groups residing in Catalonia. They are also among the most at-risk groups for obesity and type 2 diabetes. Aim: To promote healthy eating habits among the Pakistani population in Barcelona. Method:The study was a mixed-method randomized control trial (RTC) conducted in Badalona and Santa Coloma de Gramenet, two of Barcelona's most populous municipalities with 87% of Catalonia's foreign Pakistani population. The research involved 137 women, 70 from Casa Àsia and 67 from FundacióAteneuSant Roc, who were recruited through the support of organizations like The FundacióAteneu Santa Roc and Casa Àsia. The study was developed in five phases: dissemination and recruitment, pilot study, baseline data collection, implementation of the food education intervention, and evaluation. Participants were divided into small subgroups (12-15 women) and participated in 10 educative sessions based on the Transtheoretical model for 10 weeks. The final session was dedicated to the Photovoice methodology, which involved participants capturing an image of their favorite dish and responding to the SHOWeD questions. The images were then presented to a multilingual nutritionist who addressed any concerns during the photovoice process. Results: The study analyzed 70 images of healthy dishes and identified improvements in dietary patterns. The Harvard Healthy Plate method was applied to prepare lunches and dinners, with vegetables in raw and cooked forms and often accompanied by yoghurt sauce. The carbohydrate portion consisted of whole grain chapati or rice, while the protein portion was mostly composed of lentils, eggs, and chicken. The participants prepared their meals with olive oil and water, and mostly consumed seasonal fruit for dessert. Red meat was minimally present in the dishes, with lentils, eggs, chicken, and fish being the main protein sources. Participants learned various culinary techniques to prepare fish, such as fish and vegetable curry and masala fish.Nutritious breakfasts were presented, with whole grains, fruits, vegetables, nuts, and seeds, and milk tea (chai) accompanied by fruit and nuts. Many participants presented healthy substitutes for traditional sweet dishes, stating that maintaining their intake is important for their heritage. Practical Implication: The Harvard Healthy Plate approach, a structured dietary method, has been shown to improve dietary habits. Participants learned to prepare balanced meals using vegetables, protein sources, and whole grain carbohydrates. They reduced red meat consumption and incorporated protein-rich alternatives like lentils, fish, and eggs. They also learned cooking techniques for fish, incorporating nutritious seafood into their diet. They introduced healthy breakfast choices, substituting traditional foods with healthier ones, and using olive oil and water for cooking. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that photovoice is a practical approach to assess the improvements in the dietary habits of Pakistani women and to empower them to become ambassadors of healthy eating habits for their community. Keywords: Photovoice, Pakistani women, empowerment, community-based participatory research (CBPR)

Making a meal out of bugs

The goal of this anthropological investigation is to examine how fishing technology innovation in Banjar Regency relates to local knowledge. Using ethnographic techniques, such as participant observation and semi-structured interviews, this study was carried out over the course of six months, from January 2022 to June 2022. Interviews were conducted with 30 people, including 20 fisherman, 5 fish traders, and 5 representatives of the local administration. Following that, the concepts were put into categories. The study's conclusions shed light on the nuanced interplay between conventional wisdom and cutting-edge fishing techniques and showed that local communities ought to be included in the management of freshwater resources. The study also emphasizes the value of striking a balance between profitability and sustainability in fishing methods and emphasizes the necessity for ongoing research and cooperation between government organizations, academics, and local people to overcome the difficulties of sustainable fishing methods. Overall, the results point to the necessity of integrating traditional knowledge into contemporary fishing methods for sustainable fisheries management, and show that excessive reliance on fishing equipment has led to the loss of fish populations and the degradation of the freshwater ecosystem.

This research focuses on the present economic, cultural, and linguistic issues of Telok Melano, a hamlet in Sarawak that was formerly isolated from nearby communities. Telok Melano is changing dramatically as a result of the Pan Borneo Highway construction and the nature of cultural obsolescence in modern society. This qualitative study has been conducted through face-to-face structured and semi-structured interviews, as well as participant observation. This study found that the highway construction benefits the villagers. An economic overturn has begun among them, and basic infrastructure has also been greatly enhanced as a result of the project’s spin-off. Are these changes beneficial to their cultural practices? Ethnographic techniques are delivering a number of interesting results. For instance, the changes have solidified the local Malays’ religious beliefs. Although the locals have abandoned many traditional practices in order to comply with Islamic beliefs, they have preserved certain traditional etiquette. In terms of language, a generational gap emerged between three linguistic varieties spoken in this area. Their dominant mother tongue, the Kuching Malay dialect, is becoming more commonly spoken, particularly with outsiders. This study successfully presents the picture of economic and social changes in Telok Melano following the development of this new road system.

Este artigo tem por objetivo analisar as questões relativas às desigualdades entre meninos e meninas nas relações desenvolvidas no brincar das crianças participantes de um projeto de Educação Social desenvolvido no Vale do Ivaí-PR. É uma pesquisa de cunho qualitativo que utiliza técnicas etnográficas. Na pesquisa, realizamos observações participantes e análise dos relatórios produzidos por educadores/as atuantes no projeto, após as intervenções e entrevistas semiestruturadas com as crianças e os/as educadores/as. A análise de dados baseou-se no método de análise de conteúdo de Bardin (1997). Apontamos que ainda há diferenças de gênero no brincar de meninas e meninos participantes do projeto, as quais ocorrem de maneiras sutis, ficando mais evidentes em práticas binárias já enraizadas na cultura dominante, como em jogos/esportes tradicionais. No decorrer da pesquisa, observamos que as crianças ainda reproduzem muitos aspectos normativos, no entanto também conseguem ressignificar algumas normas de gênero, muitas vezes sem se darem conta.

El Programa de Educación Intercultural Bilingüe (PEIB) en Chile requiere a jardines infantiles interculturales trabajar colaborativamente con comunidades mapuche para ofrecer una educación más pertinente a los niños y niñas indígenas, sin embargo en la actualidad no existe investigación respecto de estas alianzas. En este contexto, el presente estudio tiene como objetivo principal examinar cuál es el propósito y calidad de las relaciones entre jardines interculturales bilingües y comunidades mapuche en la Región Metropolitana. A partir de la noción de zona de contacto (Pratt, 1992) analizamos qué caracteriza a los vínculos que se desarrollan entre los miembros del establecimiento educativo y los integrantes de las comunidades mapuche. Para abordar este objetivo, realizamos un estudio de casos cualitativo y con técnicas etnográficas, recolectamos datos a través de entrevistas semi-estructuradas, observación participante y conversaciones grupales en dos jardines infantiles, los que fueron codificados y categorizados con análisis temático. Los resultados principales muestran que en esta zona de contacto las comunidades mapuche participan principalmente en la organización de eventos culturales; las Educadoras de Lengua y Cultura Indígena son escasamente valoradas y que fuera de las salas de clase estas alianzas son vistas como espacios de aprendizaje por las educadoras de párvulo.

Mexico stands out for its cuisine worldwide. Although Mexican biocultural diversity is one of the richest in the world, there is still little research on the relationship between local edible resources and the nutrition of the rural and indigenous communities of this country. We conducted a study on food plants (locally known as quelites) that are traditionally cultivated, gathered in agroecosystems or harvested from the forest and sold in two markets of the Central Valleys of Oaxaca, Mexico. The fieldwork was done from July 2017 to June 2018 with the collaboration of 66 plant vendors and occasionally, plant peddlers and buyers. The ethnographic techniques used were semi-structured interviews, participant observation, observational walks and interviews with natural groups. In the weekly street markets of Zaachila and Zimatlan 22 species of traditional food plants belonging to 10 botanical families are traded, mainly Amaranthaceae, Asteraceae and Fabaceae. These species have one to four popular names. The most commonly parts used are the leaves, flowers and stems. They are eaten in eleven ways. Species Food Availability ranges from very high to high, medium, low and scarce. The sellers in the Zimatlan and Zaachila markets come from 9 and 5 places respectively. The peasants (mainly women) produce or obtain 21 and 15 edible species in their home gardens and cornfields. Farmers cultivate, tolerate and foment 19, 7 and 10 species. In conclusion, the diversity and nutritional content of the plants available in traditional markets create a rich local gastronomic variety that ensures a proper diet.

The effect of supplementation of a powdered mixture of three traditional medicinal plants-bittergourd, jamun seeds, and fenugreek seeds-in raw and cooked form on blood glucose was studied in 60 non-insulin-dependent male diabetics. The patients were divided into two groups of 30 each. The patients of group I were given the raw powdered mixture in the form of capsules; the patients of group II were given this mixture in the form of salty biscuits. Daily supplementation of 1 g of this powered mixture for a 1.5-month period and then a further increase to 2 g for another 1.5 months significantly reduced the fasting as well as the postprandial glucose level of the diabetic patients. A significant decrease in oral hypoglycemic drug intake and decline in percentage of the subjects who were on hypoglycemic drugs were found after the 3-month feeding trial. It was concluded that 2 g of a powdered mixture of traditional medicinal plants in either raw or cooked form can be successfully used for lowering blood glucose in diabetics.

Phytochemical profile of some green leafy vegetables in South East, Nigeria