La disolución del ser y la transitoriedad de lo existente en los mitos necrogénicos del pueblo mexica

Burned corpses are of medicolegal importance as circumstances may suggest means that are used for committing or concealing homicidal death or death occurring due to accidental causes. Postmortem burns, which may include homicidal burns (torch murder) or burns used to conceal the crime, are committed with the motive of identity destruction, transposing the cause and manner of death and destruction of evidence. The present study aimed to analyse the cases of postmortem burns in the context of the cause of death, manner of death and circumstances pertaining to death. This is a retrospective study performed in the Government Medical College δ Hospital, Aurangabad (MH), India, between 1 January 2009 - 31 December 2016. Cases involving burn injuries were examined in detail by autopsy reports, toxicological analyses, crime scene investigation and police records submitted at the Institute's office. A careful examination of vitality signs of burns, soot deposition in the lower respiratory tract and the presence of other fatal injuries was performed for each case. Cases exposed to fire before death were all excluded. Similarly, bodies being charred to such an extent to prevent distinguishing the vitality of burns were also excluded. Postmortem burns were recorded in 13 cases (0.46%) of deceased bodies to cover homicides. Females were reported to be more commonly involved and more in a household environment. Head injury was the most common cause of death, followed by death due to asphyxia due to any means. The findings of the present study reinforce the fact that burning cannot always effectively destroy the evidence, hindering the perpetrator from covering up the crime. Apart from the evidence at autopsy, a transdisciplinary approach must be initiated with detailed crime scene investigation, toxicology, ascertaining the cause of death with analyses of fatal injuries and contributory data for identification of the deceased.

Art education has long been a vital domain for expressing, preserving, and transmitting cultural memory and national values. In an era marked by globalization and rapid digitalization, these values face challenges, with younger generations often exposed to transnational and multicultural narratives that may overshadow local traditions. This study proposes a transdisciplinary framework in art education to bridge cultural heritage with modern educational content, ensuring a balanced approach to teaching both artistic techniques and cultural identity. Through mixed methods—including qualitative interviews, case studies, and a quantitative experimental study—this research assesses the effectiveness of integrating cultural memory and national values in art education. Our findings underscore the value of a curriculum focused on national identity, showing significant improvements in students’ awareness and appreciation of their cultural roots. Additionally, we explore challenges faced by educators and institutions in implementing transdisciplinary approaches. This study contributes to a growing field of educational research emphasizing cultural heritage in contemporary learning, offering insights for policymakers, educators, and curriculum developers. Results suggest that a transdisciplinary approach in art education fosters a culturally aware and globally informed student body, equipped to navigate and appreciate both local and global perspectives. This article explores the intersection of transdisciplinary research and art education, focusing on the role of cultural memory and national values in modern artistic content. As societies undergo rapid globalization and modernization, art education plays a crucial role in preserving and reshaping cultural identities, fostering national values, and transmitting collective memory through art. By adopting a transdisciplinary research approach, which integrates knowledge from multiple disciplines such as art history, sociology, anthropology, and cultural studies, art education systems can provide more holistic and contextually relevant frameworks for understanding national identity in the modern world. This article examines how cultural memory is encoded in visual arts, the reinterpretation of national values in contemporary artistic practices, and the transformative potential of art education in shaping national consciousness. Through the lens of transdisciplinary research, the paper highlights the evolving nature of national values in art education and their relevance in the digital age, where global and local influences converge.

Cigarette smoking is the largest preventable cause of death and morbidity in the United States. Heightened recognition of this public health concern has led researchers from multiple and varied disciplines to address this complex and multidimensional behavior. The need for an alternative research paradigm, focusing on a transdisciplinary approach that integrates work across disciplines in order to advance the field most quickly, has been identified. This recognized need led to the development of the Transdisciplinary Tobacco Use Research Centers (TTURC) initiative, funded jointly by the National Cancer Institute, the National Institute on Drug Abuse, and The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. This paper discusses the formation and early implementation stages of the initiative, including meetings that led to the development of the TTURCs, funders' and research centers' perspectives on implementation, and early observations about the products of the initiative.

Perimortem Cesarean Delivery: Its Role in Maternal Mortality

T use disorders devastate lives and financial well-being, and constitute one of the largest public health problems the world faces today. A main cause of avoidable illness and death, tobacco-related mortality rates lead to more than 435,000 deaths per year, in the United States alone1–3 with millions more affected by tobacco-related illnesses. Annually, nearly 96 billion dollars are lost to medical costs directly related to smoking.4 While smoking is the most prevalent form of tobacco use, all forms of tobacco use pose dangers to health. The well-being of entire communities, particularly underserved communities, is affected, making tobacco use one of the largest public challenges facing the health care system today. Tobacco use, like any addiction, is complex, affecting individuals, families, and communities in many ways. It is critical that tobacco use disorders be addressed in both micro (individual) interventions and macro (community-wide) initiatives with the challenges of working with underserved populations considered. Evidence suggests interventions which have been proven effective with the general population will work with underserved populations, if those interventions are made available. The key components of evidence-based tobacco use interventions center on dynamic system changes incorporating policy support and performance feedback mechanisms. Incorporating current developments in national standards surrounding the creation of medical homes and meaningful use of electronic health records, and reinforced with a trans-disciplinary approach, evidence-based smoking cessation practices can have an effect on tobacco use in underserved communities. One of the new ways to increase the effectiveness of tobacco interventions being explored is the utilization of trans-disciplinary teams, now being developed in health care organizations around the country. An evolution from inter-disciplinary care, transdisciplinary care is a multi-disciplinary team in which all members have expanded knowledge and training in the disciplines of other team members. In a transdisciplinary team model, all members of the team address tobacco use and reinforce goals, regardless of the main purpose of the visit. This shared reinforcement, along with the transmission

WI ranks highest in the US for overall cancer incidence and mortality among Black/African American (Black) individuals. Prostate cancer (PC) is the most frequently diagnosed cancer among men in WI and the second leading cause of cancer death. This region has numerous challenges including segregation, poverty, educational achievement gaps, and high Black imprisonment rates which impact PC awareness, screening, and treatment. To effectively address a problem as complex as prostate cancer disparities, multiple perspectives are needed. We brought together a transdisciplinary team that integrated community and academic expertise to develop a shared understanding of prostate cancer disparities and potential causes and to create a community action and research agenda. The team met every other week for 16 months. During that time, This team engaged in a facilitated process developed through our Community and Cancer Science Network that included: 1) Incubation: co-learning about the multi-factorial causes of PC disparities by reviewing available data, engaging experts, and seeking input from researchers, health care providers and community members; 2) Innovation: using this information to consider potential solutions to create a draft plan; and 3) Integration: seeking feedback to ensure the draft plan met the needs of diverse audiences and then refined the solutions. During the Incubation phase. the team reviewed available literature and data; developed a root causes analysis of disparities, conducted surveys, interviews and discussion sessions with researchers, healthcare providers, and community members (n=98); invited presentations by relevant experts and survivors, and engaged in robust discussions. In the Innovation phase, the team analyzed the data and reflected on opportunities to address the issues outlined in the root cause analysis. Potential solutions were assessed for fit and feasibility. Finally, in the Integration Phase, the team conducted a series of town halls with community members and researchers (n=70) to review the draft plan and seek feedback. The team used the feedback to refine the plan and consider next steps. Final recommendations include: 1) Patient navigation to assist men with PC at diagnosis; 2) A trusted messenger campaign to increase PC awareness; 3) Increase provider and community awareness of genetic risk; 4) Patient-provider forums to build relationships and trust; 5) Expand survivor support offerings for Black men with PC; 6) Improve PC screening education; 7) Increase provider awareness of current screening guidelines; 8) Expand research into the role of stress in PC. Our transdisciplinary approach is effective in engaging and blending diverse perspectives to generate solutions to complex problems. Future work will sustain this approach in implementing solutions through collaborative efforts. Citation Format: Tobi Cawthra, Kevin Izard, Robert Allen, Darryl Davidson, Chris Nielson, Ambrose Wilson-Brown, Deepak Kilari, Marquayla Ellison, Dev Karan, Ericka Sinclari, Alvin Flowers, Kyle Ashley, Leonard Wilson, Marcus Hogans, Kenneth Jacobsohn, Melinda Stolley. Using a transdisciplinary collaboration process to create a plan to address prostate cancer disparities [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 17th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2024 Sep 21-24; Los Angeles, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2024;33(9 Suppl):Abstract nr B171.

Diagnosing chronic diseases is about making accurate and quick decisions based on contradictory information and constantly evolving knowledge. Hence, there has been a persistent need to help health practitioners in making correct decisions. Diabetes is a common chronic disease. It is a global healthcare threat and the eighth leading cause of death in the world. Modern artificial intelligence techniques are being used in diagnosing chronic diseases including artificial neural networks. In this chapter, a feedforward multilayer-perceptron neural network has been implemented to help health practitioners in classifying diabetes. Through the work, an algorithm was proposed in purpose of determining the number of hidden layers and neurons in a MLP. Based on the algorithm, two topologies have been introduced. Both topologies exhibited good classification accuracies with a slightly higher accuracy for the MLP with only one hidden layer. The data set was obtained from King Abdullah University Hospital in Jordan.

Diagnosing chronic diseases is about making accurate and quick decisions based on contradictory information and constantly evolving knowledge. Hence, there has been a persistent need to help health practitioners in making correct decisions. Diabetes is a common chronic disease. It is a global healthcare threat and the eighth leading cause of death in the world. Modern artificial intelligence techniques are being used in diagnosing chronic diseases including artificial neural networks. In this chapter, a feedforward multilayer-perceptron neural network has been implemented to help health practitioners in classifying diabetes. Through the work, an algorithm was proposed in purpose of determining the number of hidden layers and neurons in a MLP. Based on the algorithm, two topologies have been introduced. Both topologies exhibited good classification accuracies with a slightly higher accuracy for the MLP with only one hidden layer. The data set was obtained from King Abdullah University Hospital in Jordan.

Functional lipids are dietary substances that may have an impact on human health by lowering the risk of chronic illnesses and enhancing the quality of life. Numerous functional lipids have been reported to have potential health benefits in the prevention, management, and treatment of cardiovascular disease, the leading cause of death in the United States. However, there is still insufficient and contradictory information in the literature about their effectiveness and associated mechanisms of action. The objective of this review, therefore, is to evaluate available literature regarding these functional lipids and their health benefits. Various studies have been conducted to understand the links between functional lipids and the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases. Recent studies on phytosterols have reported that CLA, medium-chain triglycerides, and omega-3 and 6 fatty acids have positive effects on human health. Also, eicosanoids, which are the metabolites of these fatty acids, are produced in relation to the ratio of omega-3 to omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids and may modulate disease conditions. These functional lipids are available either in dietary or supplement forms and have been proven to be efficient, accessible, and inexpensive to be included in the diet. However, further research is required to properly elucidate the dosages, dietary intake, effectiveness, and their mechanisms of action in addition to the development of valid disease biomarkers and long-term effects in humans.

Insights from outside BJOG

Four hundred and thirty-eight adults aged eighteen to eighty-eight ( M age = 35) who had lost a close friend or family member within the last two years completed questionnaires to ascertain the relationship of cause of death to attitudes toward the funeral and bereavement adjustment. While deaths that were expected were associated with more adaptive bereavement adjustment, cause of death was independent of participation in prefuneral, funeral, and postfuneral rituals, as well as attitudes toward the funeral. Expected deaths of persons to whom bereaved persons felt emotionally close were linked to more adaptive bereavement adjustment, greater positive meaning attributed to the funeral, and somewhat greater postfuneral participation. Such effects were minimized when data for deceased persons to whom the bereaved felt less close were examined. When specific causes of death were examined, those losing a loved one to either murder/suicide or accident fared worse regarding bereavement adjustment, and had less funeral participation. Regarding bereavement adjustment, this was especially the case when the deaths of close family were considered, except that such persons had greater funeral participation. Neither length of time since bereavement nor age interacted with cause of death to affect funeral attitudes or bereavement adjustment. While these data partially support the hypothesis that the impact of funerals is relative to the nature of loss, they also suggest that cause of death interacts with closeness to the deceased in affecting bereavement adjustment.

Renal weights of 430 adult black subjects coming to medicolegal autopsy at the Diepkloof State Mortuary, a large urban area southwest of Johannesburg, South Africa, were analyzed. The subjects were from 10 southern African black ethnic groups-Zulu, Sotho, Tswana, Xhosa, Shangaan, Swazi, Venda, Ndebele, Kalanga, and Malawi. The aims of the study were: 1) to ascertain the anatomical "norm" as it pertains to renal weights in this diverse population group; 2) to formulate standard reference tables that might be of use to the practicing pathologist in the southern African arena; 3) to provide a range of values that take into account the variables of age, sex, race, body weight, and body height; and 4) to provide a standard of comparison with anthropological and anatomical studies conducted on North American black, North American Caucasian, Indian subcontinent, Burmese, and Jamaican population groups. In each of the 430 subjects, age, sex, ethnic group, supine body length, body weight, individual left and right renal weights, and causes of death were noted. The latter were divided into 6 categories: 1) penetrating incised wounds; 2) multiple injuries; 3) gunshot wounds; 4) craniocerebral injuries; 5) various miscellaneous nonnatural causes of death; and 6) natural causes of death. The above variables were analyzed by computer and compared with respect to renal weights. No statistically significant differences were observed between the sexes or the age groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

IntroductionGlobally, haemorrhage is the leading cause of both maternal mortality and preventable trauma death. For patients suffering from haemorrhage, prompt blood transfusion can be life-saving; however, safe and sufficient blood...

The New Kingdom in ancient Egypt, comprising the 18th, 19th, and 20th dynasties, spanned the mid-16th to the early 11th centuries bc. The late 18th dynasty, which included the reigns of pharaohs Akhenaten and Tutankhamun, was an extraordinary time. The identification of a number of royal mummies from this era, the exact relationships between some members of the royal family, and possible illnesses and causes of death have been matters of debate. To introduce a new approach to molecular and medical Egyptology, to determine familial relationships among 11 royal mummies of the New Kingdom, and to search for pathological features attributable to possible murder, consanguinity, inherited disorders, and infectious diseases. From September 2007 to October 2009, royal mummies underwent detailed anthropological, radiological, and genetic studies as part of the King Tutankhamun Family Project. Mummies distinct from Tutankhamun's immediate lineage served as the genetic and morphological reference. To authenticate DNA results, analytical steps were repeated and independently replicated in a second ancient DNA laboratory staffed by a separate group of personnel. Eleven royal mummies dating from circa 1410-1324 bc and suspected of being kindred of Tutankhamun and 5 royal mummies dating to an earlier period, circa 1550-1479 bc, were examined. Microsatellite-based haplotypes in the mummies, generational segregation of alleles within possible pedigree variants, and correlation of identified diseases with individual age, archeological evidence, and the written historical record. Genetic fingerprinting allowed the construction of a 5-generation pedigree of Tutankhamun's immediate lineage. The KV55 mummy and KV35YL were identified as the parents of Tutankhamun. No signs of gynecomastia and craniosynostoses (eg, Antley-Bixler syndrome) or Marfan syndrome were found, but an accumulation of malformations in Tutankhamun's family was evident. Several pathologies including Köhler disease II were diagnosed in Tutankhamun; none alone would have caused death. Genetic testing for STEVOR, AMA1, or MSP1 genes specific for Plasmodium falciparum revealed indications of malaria tropica in 4 mummies, including Tutankhamun's. These results suggest avascular bone necrosis in conjunction with the malarial infection as the most likely cause of death in Tutankhamun. Walking impairment and malarial disease sustained by Tutankhamun is supported by the discovery of canes and an afterlife pharmacy in his tomb. Using a multidisciplinary scientific approach, we showed the feasibility of gathering data on Pharaonic kinship and diseases and speculated about individual causes of death.

With more than 180 ethnic and linguistics groups, Mexico is a rich source for anthropological and population studies. This country witnessed the rise and fall of major civilizations, including the well-known Maya and Aztec civilizations, but as a result of heavy European colonization and influx, the population landscape has dramatically changed over the past five centuries. Today less than 30% of modern Mexicans identify themselves as being fully or partly Amerindians and the remaining population seems to have very little in common with their pre-Columbian ancestors. However, this is not the case when the maternal genetic component is evaluated in detail. Analysis of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region sequences, including HVS-I, HVS-II and HVS-III, from more than 2,000 subjects revealed an overwhelming Native American legacy in the modern Mexican population, with ~90% of mtDNAs belonging to the four major pan-American haplogroups A2, B2, C1 and D1. This finding supports a European contribution to the Mexican gene pool primarily by male settlers and confirms the effectiveness of employing the uniparentally-transmitted mtDNA as a tool to reconstruct a country's history. Agreement was received from the authors to translate this paper into Chinese.