Kurnėnai School

Indonesia still through water scarcity, ironicaly Indonesia included in 10 countries with rich sources of fresh water. In urban areas generally people can get fresh water source from water pump with making an artesian well or deep well. Artesian well water pump is very expensiveif it’s used only in one house. To make efficient, using one pump for two or more houses can be overcome by making “operational control device pumps water”. Utilizing the interlock system used on two houses and one well, so if one house pump turned on, another house can’t be turned on an off except after reservoir tank fulled of water, another house can be turned on the water pump. Reservoir tank is used automatically by using a ball floater switches. When the water in the reservoir tank is full, the pump doesn’t work so that water is not wasted in vain. This tool design cane save half the cost compared to each house makes its own borehole and pump water, because the system is supplied electrical energy to the water pump from each house.  Keywords: water pump, artesian well, interlock, reservoir tank automatic

Keponggok villages which are located in Purworejo Regency have a majority of its residents’ work as a farmer. To keep their crop as hydrated as possible, water pumps become their main tool to meet the water needs throughout the year, especially in the dry season. This water pump is very effective in meeting their needs, but the use of a water pump will reduce farmers’ income due to fuel and maintenance cost. An open wide agricultural land provides sufficient air transfer to allow for wind to build up where it can be used to drive a water pump. Therefore, it is necessary to design a wind turbine that can work at low speeds and has high torque characteristics such as VAWT. Savonius wind turbines are considered to be one of the best choices because it has high torque characteristics and self-starting ability at low wind speeds. But this wind turbine has a low efficiency, so the use of guide vane is expected to increase the efficiency of this wind turbine. CFD-based numerical analysis with Ansys software and CFX solver is used to determine the performance of wind turbines. Before conducting the analysis, the simulation method is validated first to find out the accuracy in the analysis. The analysis was carried out on Savonius 2, 3, and 4 blades wind turbines without and using guide vane which then the best configuration is chosen. The results are compared then the best configuration is chosen for driving the pump. The analysis shows that the best configuration is achieved on a 2 blades wind turbine with a 45 degrees guide vane. To pump water in a well with a depth of 20 m with a discharge of 500 liters per hour, 6 sets of wind turbines are needed.

Wind turbine technology has been used to pump water since ancient history. Direct mechanically coupled wind turbines are the most common method for pumping water to croplands and livestock. Many more recent wind turbines are electrically coupled, with the water pump connected to the wind turbine via a motor-generator connection. With electrical coupling, the distance and location of the water pump is independent of the location of the wind turbine. Therefore, the wind turbine can be located at an optimal wind energy site while the water pump is close to the water well or water tank. This paper analyzes a water-pumping system consisting of a wind turbine, a permanent magnet synchronous generator, an induction motor, and a centrifugal-type water pump.

The background of the research is the researcher curiosity to know people participation in some villages in Sayung Sub-district, which border on South coast in water supply and management. Although there is no water supply from Sayung Sub-district government, there is no social movement in the area. The research focuses on the background, problems, and efforts in people participation application to supply water in villages in Sayung Sub-district i.e. Bedono, Timbulsloko, Surodadi, and Sriwulan. The results of the research are, first, the background of people participation in supplying water is the need of water as the primary need for life. Second, people participation in water supply and management consists of physic and non-physic. Non-physic includes ideas while. physics includes money collecting to buy and maintain water pump and working together to install water pipes. Third, the effort to encourage people participation in water supply is by empowering people participation by people's figures, religion figures and education party. The conclusion of the research is that although people participation in Bedono, Timbulsloko, Surodadi, and Sriwulan - villages in Sayung Sub-district in water supply and management is good, but it is necessary to apply better technology to change the use of artesian wells. From the conclusion, the researcher recommends first, the government needs to do preliminary and quality test on the water from artesian wells. Second, before the government is able to supply water to those villages, the government needs to give subsiding by reducing the price of electricity bill, especially which is used for water pump from artesian wells which are used for public.

We analyzed a wind-turbine water-pumping system, which consists of a wind turbine with a permanent magnet generator electrically coupled with a water pump via a motor-generator configuration. Beginning with a short summary of the system's steady-state analysis, we show how the success of the start-up process and how the system's performance depends on the proper choice of water pump characteristics. We studied the dependence of the water pump start-up process on the kinetic energy stored in the wind turbine rotor. In this analysis, we also discuss the cut-in and cut-off process in the wind-turbine water-pumping system. We support our analysis with the simulation results obtained for a water-pumping system, which consists of a Bergey Windpower Company, Inc. (BWC), EXCEL wind turbine system and a water pump driven by the Franklin 7.5 horsepower (hp) induction motor (Model 234318). The simulations were performed using the RPM-Sim simulator (Renewable-energy Power-system Modular Simulator), which was developed at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory's National Wind Technology Center.

This paper introduces the GWIT EHD VAWT and the logic and history behind its development. We develop a simplified model to compare the performance of EHD VAWTs with conventional propeller machines. GWIT is engaged on a path to optimize the performance of its wind turbines in a wind farm setting. The paper details the characteristics of its first two prototypes - JJ and JJ3. The turbines are designed to meet the atmospheric conditions prevailing in China. While the EHD VAWT concept can be implemented in many configurations, GWIT has developed its turbines to operate over the broadest possible atmospheric conditions with an absolute minimum of moving mechanical components. We focus on turbine designs that more than double energy capture from the wind site. More than 90% of the turbine's content is of local manufacture. I. HISTORY OF THE EHD VAWT Wind turbines can trace their origins thousands of years into the past. Modern wind turbines can trace their current mission - the conversion of wind energy into electricity-back to the closing days of World War II when some Northern Continental European nations first converted some of their water pumping and grain milling wind turbines into producers of electricity. Since that time European nations began to devote significant research efforts into developing efficient machines to produce grid usable electricity from their abundant wind resources. More recently these efforts have been joined by North American and Asian nations. While some effort was devoted to the development of vertical axis wind turbines (VAWTs) almost all European research efforts were devoted to horizontal axis wind turbines (HAWTs). In Canada and the United States significant efforts were made to develop VAWTs, but the vast majority of wind energy research was devoted to HAWTs. By 1980 European designed HAWTs were focusing on economic parameters while Canadian and American efforts were still attempting to demonstrate feasibility. Numerous HAWT powered wind farms emerged but only two VAWT powered wind farms were in development or operation. Rely- ing on a Sandia National Laboratories design, FloWind fielded 512 170 kW F-17 and 300 kW F-19 VAWTs on two wind farms in California. Both wind farms operated successfully until they were replaced with Micon HAWTs between 1998 and 2002.

The capacity of pumping ground water with wind energy conversion systems in Dhahran, Saudi Arabia was statistically analyzed. Experimental data of half-hourly wind energy measurements made for a period of 5 years (1995–2000) were used in the analysis. Seven horizontal-axis wind turbines with different power ratings were considered in the study. Eight water pumps with different power ratings to be powered by the wind turbines were considered. The numbers of pumps that can be powered by the wind turbines and the daily water pumping capacities at the study sites were analyzed. It was found that there is considerable wind power for pumping underground water for irrigation purposes. The net equivalent values of the annual wind energy generated by the various wind turbines were estimated. The net present value of total revenue generated by wind turbines was determined and it was deduced that the N60/1300 turbine would be an economically profitable investment. Finally, a sensitivity analysis was performed to determine the break-even initial cost of the seven wind–electric conversion systems.

During the dry season farmers have struggled watering their crops, because they have to lift water from wells. To irrigate farm land by using his power to lift water to agricultural lands, it is not very effective work by farmers in producing agricultural products. Many of those who can not use water pumps for farm land because away from a source of electrical energy. Solar and wind water pump technology is as an alternative energy to overcome these obstacles. This research was conducted to calculate of solar and wind resources, compare the efficiency of water pump using a battery energy source with a pump that only use a charged battery with solar and wind power. A method used in this research is to compare the flow of water is obtained by using a electric pump with battery and only using a battery energy alone. When batteries are full and then used to drive the pump, the volume of water obtained is 4590 L. At the during testing by using a water pump battery is work from 9.00 am until 23:00 pm the water discharge obtained is 10710 L. While at the time of testing without using batteries, water pumps can not exist. There are several possibilities among which are the pump power needed for early movers insufficient and unstable voltage and current are get out of solar panels and wind turbine, therefore, water pumps without using the battery can not be done.

Wind power utilization for water pumping using small wind turbines in Saudi Arabia: A techno-economical review

We analyzed a wind-turbine water-pumping system, which consists of a wind turbine with a permanent magnet generator electrically coupled with a water pump via a motor-generator configuration. Following system's steady-state analysis, we discuss how the success of the start-up process depends on the system's start-up dynamics as related to a proper choice of water pump characteristics. We studied the dependence of the water pump start-up process on the kinetic energy stored in the wind turbine rotor. We also discussed the cut-in and cut-out process in the wind-turbine water-pumping system. Our analysis is supported with the simulation results.

Wind resource assessment of the Jordanian southern region

Water pumping system with wind turbine can not only effectively use wind energy, but also solve the problem of water supply and irrigation in the remote areas. In order to improve efficiency as well as reliability of wind turbine and adjust the speed of motor smoothly and quickly under the condition of wind speed changes, a variable frequency vector control method for three-phase asynchronous motor based on quasi Z source inverter to drive water pumping is proposed in this paper. The quasi Z source network can boost DC link voltage and adjust motor speed according to the various output power of the wind turbine. A simulation studies is carried out under MATLAB, and the results show that the combination of variable frequency vector control with quasi Z source inverter can make the motor achieve smooth speed. Therefore, the proposed control method can improve the operating efficiency and reliability of water pumping driven by wind turbine under the fluctuation of wind speed.

A wind turbine is mechanically connected to an existing irrigation well through an overrunning clutch. In the wind assist mode, the wind turbine assists or supplements the power from the electric motor. If enough power is available from the wind turbine, it is possible to drive the induction motor past synchronous speed and the motor becomes a generator and power is subsequently fed back into the utility line. For this installation this occurs at a windspeed of around 26 mph in the wind assist mode. Cut-in windspeed is around 12 mph. When irrigation water is not needed, the pump is disconnected from the electric motor and the wind turbine drives the electric motor solely as a generator and power is fed back into the utility line. Now the cut-in windspeed is around 14 mph. The addition of the electric generation mode allows the farmer to maximize the return on this investment because the wind turbine can be used whenever the wind is blowing. As with any development project, a number of delays were experienced in the construction and testing of the prototype wind turbine and some repairs were needed during the shakedown phase following installation at the site. However, the cumulative data collection system is adequate and the system will be operated over a year to obtain the data needed. The system is presently operating as planned. From June 5 through October 2 the wind turbine operated for 1140 hours of which 280 hours were in the electric generation mode and 860 hours in the wind assist mode. The maximum power obtained has been around 22 kW when the unit was pumping water and fed power into the utility line.

Acoustical noise data have been collected and analyzed on small wind turbines used for water pumping at the USDA-ARS Conservation and Production Research Laboratory (CPRL) near Bushland, TX. This acoustical analysis differed from previous research in that the data were analyzed with rotor or tip speed being the independent variable in addition to analyzing the data with wind speed as the independent variable. Acoustical noise generation was analyzed for two different wind turbines which were tested with different blades. The averaging period for acoustical noise data was one second instead of one minute (smallest time increment recommended in IEC wind turbine noise standard) since the sound pressure level of small stand-alone wind turbines can vary significantly over just a few seconds. Disconnecting the wind turbine from the water pump motor by the pump controller was shown to significantly increase the noise of the wind turbine.

A wind turbine is mechanically connected to an existing irrigation well. The system can be operated in three modes: (1) electric motor driving the water turbine pump. (2) Wind assist mode where wind turbine supplements power from the utility line to drive the water turbine pump. At wind speeds of 12 m/s and greater, the wind turbine can pump water (15 kW) and feed power (10 kW) back into the utility grid at the same time. (3) Electrical generation mode where the water pump is disconnected and all power is fed back to the utility grid. The concept is technically viable as the mechanical connection allows for a smooth transfer of power in parallel with an existing power source. Minor problems caused delays and major problems of two rotor failures precluded enough operation time to obtain a good estimation of the economics. Because reliability and maintenance are difficult problems with prototype or limited production wind energy conversion systems, the expense of the demonstration project has exceeded the estimated cost by a large amount. During the two year period, the wind turbines were operational 1400 hours and generated 2540 kWh of energy. The dollar value of the energy was only $140. Major problems have been experienced with the wind turbine during the entire project. The original prototype lost a blade in October 1979. Another prototype was developed which had a larger diameter and a microprocessor control system at ground level. A Wingen 2 was installed in May 1980; however, problems with its control system prevented shakedown testing until July. In March 1981, another major rotor failure occurred. Instead of repairing the wind turbine, Wind Engineering agreed to install their third generation design, a completely new machine for $5000.